2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• TYPES OF BATTERY
• MOST COMMONLY USED BATTERY
• BATTERY BANKING
• BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• SUPER CAPACITORS
• FUEL CELLS
3. INTRODUCTION TO BATTERY
• Battery is the device which stores
the energy in the form of chemical
energy and gives electrical output.
• Batteries have high energy density
but low power density.
• For getting high energy number of
cells are connected to form a
battery pack.
• Eg. Lead-acid battery, Li-ion
battery
4. TYPES OF BATTERY
NON RECHARGEABLE
(PRIMARY)
This type of cells can be used to get
energy for one time.
This cells works on spontaneous
forward reaction.
The product form, cant be converted to
the reactant by applying electric field.
Examples :- Dry cells, Alkaline cells, Li-
Br battery
RECHARGEABLE (SECONDARY)
This type of battery can be used again and
again by charging it.
This cells operates near the equilibrium
and the reaction are reversible.
Examples :- Lead acid battery, lithium ion
battery
5. MOST COMMONLY USED BATTERY
• For portable devices dry cells are used.
• the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles
• lithium-ion batteries used for portable electronics such
as laptops and smartphones.
6. LITHIUM ION SPECIFICATION
100–265
250-~340
• Specific energy
W·h/kg
• Specific power
W/kg
• Charge/discharge efficiency
80–90%
• Cycle durability 400–1200
cycles
• Nominal cell voltage NMC 3.6
/ 3.85 V, LiFePO4 3.2 V
7. BATTERY BANKING
• For large amount of energy storage we need numbers of
batteries.
• For this purpose batteries are connected in series and parallel.
• By series connection the voltage of battery bank is increased
and in parallel current increases.
• In battery bank, by using Battery Management System life can
be increased.
V
I
3V
V V V
3I
V
V V
Series Connection Parallel Connection
8. THE MAJOR CAUSE OF BATTERY
DAMAGE IS IMPLEMENTATION OF
IMPROPER CHARGING TECHNIQUES.
ONCE A BATTERY IS FULLY CHARGED,
THE CHARGE CURRENT HAS TO BE
DISSIPITATE SOMEHOW. THE RESULT IS
THE GENERATION OF HEAT AND GASES
WHICH ARE BOTH BAD FOR BATTERIES.
TO AVOID THIS BMS IS USED, IT
INDICATES IF BATTERY IS LOW OR
CHARGED .
CHARGE CONTROL
9. BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• A battery management system (BMS) is any electronic system
that manages a rechargeable battery pack, such as by
protecting the battery from operating outside its Safe
Operating Area, monitoring its state, calculating secondary
data, reporting that data, controlling its environment,
authenticating it and / or balancing it.
• This control circuit improves the performance of battery,
increases its life and reduces the risk of accident.
