This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
3. Excavations
Since Excavations are destruction, Archaeologist must
carefully plan the excavations, location of excavation
and recording the material remains.
Planning, Interpreting
Recording
4. What is Archeological site ?
1. Site is identified as ancient cultural deposit
2. Where ancient people lived
3. Ancient people activity area
4. Name of the site is derived from nearby
village.
13. Nature of the Site: Pr0to-historic
1. Indus Valley Civilization
2. Regional Chalcolithic
3. Big settlements, Town planning
4. Stone/brick structures
5. Small huts
6. Artefacts: Pottery, Seals, sealings,
14.
15. Nature of the Site: Historic
1. Early states of India, Mourya, Gupta
2. Found in all India
3. Use of Bricks, coins, large metal objects
4. Big settlements, fortifications
5. Stone/brick structures
6. Artefacts : Pottery, Seals, Coins, decorative
items, religious artefacts, inscriptions, etc.
25. Excavation Process
• Pre-Excavations
1. Clear the land
2. Detail survey
3. Choosing the
area of
excavation
4. Contour survey
5. Layout of
trenches
6. Fixed the
Datum point
• Excavation
1. Systematic
Digging
2. Collecting
Artefacts
3. 3-
Dimentional
Measuremen
t
4. Recording
5. Section
Preparation
6. Photography
• Post-Excavation
1. Drawing
2. Stratigraphy
3. Photography
4. Structural
Documentatio
n
5. Soil Analysis
6. Bone analysis
7. Sample
Collections
8. Phytoliths,
Dating
9. Pottery
Analysis
10. Antiquity
Registrations
26. Excavations Team: A
• Depends upon the Nature of Site
1. Archaeologist
2. Geo-archaeologist
3. Paleo-botanist
4. Paleontologist
5. Zoo-archaeologist
6. Archaeo-chemist
7. Numismatists
8. Epigraphist
9. Data Analysts
10.Specialized Students
27. Excavations Team: B
1. Surveyor
2. Draftsman
3. Photographer
4. Labor contractor
5. Computer operators
6. Material Suppliers
7. Iron smiths
8. Cock
9. Watchmen
10.Guards
11. Driver
36. Vertical Excavations
1. To know the culture sequence of the Site.
2. To know the antiquity of the site
3. To know the site quickly
4. When you don’t have resources
5. Limit of time
6. Limitation of time
7. Paucity of economic sources
37.
38.
39.
40.
41. Horizontal Excavations
1. Detail and systematic excavation technique
2. Site divided into grids
3. Grids known as Trenches
4. Size of the Trenches: 10 meter x 10 meter
5. Excavate up to the natural soil/bed rock
6. Most prevalent excavation technique
7. ASI and Individual institutes follows this practice
42. Horizontal Excavations
• Detail Picture of the site
• To know the complete nature of the site
• To get through information of each culture of
the site.
• To understand the