A brief study of Delhi

1. LUTYEN’S DELHI
SUBMITTED TO:
PROF. A. K. MANNA
BY:
AKSHAT KACHHAL
ANKIT SAINI
BADAL JAYKUMAR THOLIA
NAMAN JAIN
VAISHALI JAIN
VARUN JAIN
JIGME CHOGYEL

2. INTRODUCTION:
New Delhi is the capital and seat of
government of India. It is also a municipality
and district in Delhi. It was designed by
British architects, Sir Edwin Lutyens and
Sir Herbert Baker. Construction really began
after World War I and was completed by
1931.
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/planningconceptofnewdelhi-170522170746/95/planning-
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LANDUSEPLANOFNEWDELHI:
GOVERNMENT
COMPLEX
BUNGLOW
ZONE
COMMERCIAL
DISTRICT
THEINITIAL DESIGNOF NEWDELHI
Lutyens had initially designed Delhi with all
thestreets
crossingat right angles,much like in New York.
However, Lord Hardinge told him of the
duststormsthat sweep the landscape in
these parts, insisting onroundabouts,hedges
andtrees to break their force,giving him the
plans of Rome,Parisand Washington to
study and apply to Delhi.
http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-43_new_delhi.pdf
Lutyens’ Delhi was planned on the
most spacious garden city lines with
the great avenues decorated with
classical buildings with lushlandscape.
Thelayout of Lutyens Delhi was
governed by three major visual
corridors, linking the government
complex with :
• JamaMasjid
• Indraprastha
• Safdarjungs Tomb
INTENTIONSOFTHELAYOUT:
http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1158/changing-image-of-lutyens-delhi
FEATURES
• Theplan reflects Lutyens’ “transcendent
fervor for geometric symmetry,” which is
expressed through amazing sequencesof
triangles andhexagons,through sightlines and
axes.
• Lutyens’ plan is also remarkable for the
generous green spaces, lawns,
watercourses, flower and fruit-bearing
trees, and their integration with the
parks developed around monuments.
• The attempt was to include all natural
and historical wonders in the new city.
http://www.postcolonialweb.org/india/art/architecture/colonial/seccomplex/col
umn1.html

3. THE ROAD NETWORK
Besidesthe major Pathway, there were
extremely wide avenues. Theoriginal design of
the road network wascapable of
accommodating 6000 vehicles, however these
avenues, had the potential of increasingtheir
carriageway- the reason why the roadlayout
hassurvived till today.
In general the road network consistedof
diagonalsand radials,at 30 degree/ 60 degree
anglesto the main axis, forming trianglesand
hexagons.
http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1158/changing-image-of-lutyens-delhi
THE GOVERNMENT COMPLEX/
ADMINISTRATIVE AREA
1. Lutyens laid out the central administrative
area of the city.
2. At the heart of the citywasthe impressive
Rashtrapati Bhawan,located on the top of
RaisinaHill. TheRajpath connectsIndia Gate
to RashtrapatiBhawan,while Janpath,which
crossesit at a right angle,connectsSouthend
with Connaught Place.
3. TheSecretariatBuilding,which housesvarious
ministries of the Governmentof India
including Prime Minister's Office are
beside the Rashtrapati Bhawan and were
designedbyHerbert Baker.
4. Also designedbyBakerwasthe Parliament
House,located on the SansadMarg,
running parallel with theRajpath.

4. THE RASHTRAPATI BHAWAN
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Lutyen's grandiose Government House
(RashtrapatiBhawan)- located on RaisinaHill,
and one of New Delhi's major thoroughfares,
Rajpath, connects it to the Purana Qila
Lord Hardinge chosethe RaisinaHill for
locating the viceroy’s palacebecause:
It wasawell drained.
Constituted of slopesandplains between the
ridge and theriver.
Its eastern and southern margins were
studdedwith monumentsof vanished empires. A
broad crescent from Shahjahanabad and Kotla
Firoz Shah,south to Tughlaqabad and the
Qutub with tombs of Safdarjung and Lodhis as
well asJantar Mantar in the foreground could
be viewed fromthe site.
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THE SECRETARIAT
TheSecretariat Building wasdesigned by
architect Herbert Bakerin Indo-Saracenic
Revival architecture.
Much of the building is in classical
architectural style, yet it incorporated
Mughal andRajasthani architecture style and
motifs in its architecture.
Theseare visible in the use of Jali.
Another feature of the building is a
dome-like structure known asthe Chatri.
https://c8.alamy.com/comp/FB23XY/india-secretariat-building-in-new-delhi-FB23XY.jpg
Thestyle of architecture used in
Secretariat Building is unique to RaisinaHill.
In front of the main gatesonbuildings are
the four "dominion columns",given by Canada,
Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
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_37_337/D256_37_337_1200.jpg
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content/uploads/2016/05/Secretariat-
Building-New-Delhi-elevation-
1024x992.jpg
THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE
TheParliament Houswas designed by
Edwin LutyensandHerbert Baker.
It wasbuilt with indigenousmaterials and
by Indian labour and the architecture of
the building bears aclose imprint of the
Indian tradition.
Thelayout of fountainsboth inside and
outside the building, the useof Indian
symbols,the "Chhajjas” and the varied
forms of "Jali" in marble are reminders
of the story of the craftsmanship
displayed in ancient monuments and
memorials.
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passes-indian-institute-of-petroleum--energy-bill-2017/indian-parliment.jpg

5. Starting from India Gate, at the lowest
and eastern end of Rajpath, nearby land
wasallocated to numerous princely states,
each of which built small palaces, such as
the Bikaner House (now the Rajasthan
tourism office) andJaipur House (now the
National Gallery of Modern Art).
It might be said that this placement
mirrored the British sentiments toward
the princes, who lost much of their
former power and status during the
British Raj. Here, too,are the state
Bhavans(houses), where you can taste the
cuisine of each state.
THE PRINCELY STATES
http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/of-princes-palaces-and-plush-
points/article1-707274.aspx
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THE HYDRABAD HOUSE
The largest of all palaces in New Delhi — a
building that suited the status of the Nizam
of Hyderabad. Designed by Edwin Lutyens. The
majestic mansion had 36 rooms.
Lutyens designed Hyderabad House in the shape
of a butterfly — a plan that he had first used
for Papillon Hall in Leicestershire in 1903.
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/00/19/35/0019351cdc4366ce5d7dd853fd871162.jpg
The main architectural feature of Hyderabad
House is a dome with an entrance hall beneath
which symmetrical wings radiate at an angle of
fifty-five degrees. Its round arches flanked by
rectangular openings to the height of the impost
was inspired by the Pantheon in Rome, a city
where Lutyens stayed in 1909. For the first
floor windows of the grand place, Lutyens
chose a combination of rectangular and round
arches that were inspired by the Uffizi to the
Arnoin Florence.
The majestic building that boasts of
courtyards, archways, obelisks, large flower
containers, grand stairways, marble fireplaces,
fountains, had a pre-dominantly European
character with someMughal motifs.
Situated next to Hyderabad House, is
another magnificent building designed by
Edwin Lutyens. Hedesigned the Baroda
Houseon atrain from Bombay in 1921, and
it took 15 years to build it. TheGaekwad
of Baroda , who waseducated in England,
wanted his palace in New Delhi to be
Anglo-Saxoninstyle.
Thegrand Baroda Housewas known for its
terraces, grandcorridors,coolingarcades,
beautiful gardensandwell-ventilated salons
andrichlydoneupliving rooms.
Gaekwad led avery westernised lifestyle.
THE BARODA HOUSE
http://www.lutyenstrustexhibitions.org.uk/communities/4/004/012/082/974//
images/4603646070.jpg
http://www.historyofvadodara.in/wp-content/uploads/Pavilion.jpg

6. Patiala Housewas formerly the palatial
residence of the Maharaja of Patiala (in
Punjab). part of central vista, this
building, built in the 1930s, hasacentral
dome with a butterfly layout, similar to
other buildings o the Lutyens zone.
Todayit housesthe district Courts
complex for New Delhi District. 'A
double Vtoreyed building, the central
portion isemphasizedwith a domedpavilion
onthe terrace andprojection porchover
the upperstorey,there isa projecting
chajja running the entire length of the old
building. It hasseeninteresting
occupants ever since the Maharaja
vacatedit.
THE PATIALA HOUSE
http://www.delhi.gov.in/wps/wcm/connect/doit_session/Session+Judge/Home/Delhi
+District+Courts/Patiala+House
THE JAIPUR HOUSE
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Jaipur House(National Gallery of Modern
Art) is located diametrically opposite
Hyderabad House. Likeother princes’
residences, the building was also designedin
the shapeof a butterfly with a central
dome. But very few people know that it
was British architect Charles Blomfield,
who designed the building. It was designed
in amix of neo-classical and Art Deco
style. Thebutterfly-shaped buildinghastwo
symmetrical‘wings’radiating from the
central court.
Twosimilar wingsradiate towards the back
facingthe gardens.Thefaçade of this
comparatively austere palace ismarkedby
two levelsof small,vertical, slit-like windows.
A continuous sunshadeor ‘chajja’ in redstone
capsthe entire façade.Thebuilding has
arched openingsframed byRajput columns.
THE BIKANER HOUSE
Bikaner House is used as a boutique art
and cultural hub. There are multiple
spaces for different events. The
courtyard or Chandni Bagh is designed
to be used as a concert venue, while the
adjoining baithak is perfect space to
host small events. There's even a gallery
to showcase art. A permanent feature is
the design shop, Vayu, run by designer
Vivek Sahani. Clearly, the restoration
has given a new lease of life to the regal
building. AT Pandara Flats, India Gate,
New Delhi
Bikaner House is a princely house
located in New Delhi designed by. It is
a sprawling building now belonging to
the Rajasthan government within
walking distance of India Gate.
It is spread over an 8 acre plot
in Lutyens' Delhi. Among all the
princely residences, Bikaner House was
the least grand in design, as it was
more like a bungalow than a palace.
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7. • In this whole process
almost no attention was
paid to theproblemsof
OldDelhi. Dueto the
creation ofNew Delhi, Old
Delhi experienced a28%
surgein population from
1916-1926 resulting in the
spilling over of the
population from inside the
walledcity to the
Paharganj area, whose
restructuring waslater
abandoned by Lutyens due
to resourceconstraints.
• Also, no provision of
housing was
premeditated for the
large no. of skilled and
unskilledworkerswhich
immigrated in for the
construction work of
NewDelhi.
• This negligence of the
planners towards Old
Delhi resulted in its
transformation to a large
slumarea through
deterioration and
dilapidation.
DRAWBACK
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