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1. 1. Market and industrial revolution
A. Causes:
• Rapid improvements in transportation and communication
• The production of goods for a cash market
• The use of inventions and innovations to produce goods for a mass market.
B. Consequences:
• Increase in population of cities
• expansion of middle class
• Harsh conditions for laborers
• Improved standard of living
• Encouragement of technological progress
C. Impact on American lives:
• Wth the new inventions like steamboats and canals, there was a growth of
slave-based cotton plantations in the South.
• Longer working hours
• Women start working in mills for almost 12 to 13hrs a day
2. Many new machines such as the cotton engine, improved men's clothing, and new
weapons.
3. Urban middle class bought well-built homes in nice neighborhoods, and wore nicely-made
clothing. Morally, middle class parents sent their children to high school and instilled values
such as the belief that diligent work was an "earthly" calling owed to God.
4. Benevolent Empire was a religious movement that aimed at helping people in poverty in the
name of god. It emerged because poor people were dying from not being able to support
themselves.
5. The main features were having not just men of high standing in government and be chosen
by popular rule. Andrew Jackson played a key role in its success through his presidency by
popularizing and celebrating democracy.
6. They considered it corrupt because as soon as Adams was put into presidency, he
automatically promoted Clay to secretary of state which was traditionally known as the
stepping stone to presidency.
7. The successes of John Adams's presidency was securing tariffs that prevented British
imports from dominating the market and inhibiting American industrial development. The
failures of his presidency was imposing the Tariff of 1828.
8. They justified nullification on constitutional grounds by making Ordinance of Nullification
that depended on the constitutional arguments developed in The South Carolina Exposition
and Protest which was written by John Calhoun.

2. 9. He destroyed the Second National Bank by declaring that Congress had no constitutional
authority to charter a national bank. He did this because he believed it only benefited the
rich and the British aristocrats.
10. Jackson was fixed on removing the Indians from their ancestral lands while Marshall didn't
approve of it at first but later felt that he should join the Native American cause because of
Georgia's extension of state law over Cherokees.
11. The Whigs didn't like the laws Jackson had imposed and believed the political world should
be dominated by men who have talent.
12. The main principles of transcendentalism were embracing human passion and they sought
deeper insight into the mysteries of existence. They differed from Protestant Christians
because their beliefs weren't as religious and they thought of God as a single figure rather
than being a father, son and etc.
13. The factors that led to proliferation of rural utopian communities were Americans being
dissatisfied with America's emerging Market Society and the economic depression.
14. It changed between 1800 and 1840 because of the fear whites tried to instill into them
(such as the rebellions and sticking rebels heads on poles).
15. They both wanted equality.
16. Th factors were transfer and sale. It worked by planters selling their existing plantations and
moving their slaves to the Southwest.
17. The effects of the slave trade on black families were being separated from their parents and
fear of being sold.
18. The issue that divided the Mexican government and Americans in Texas was their want for
independence. The Texans wrote a declaration of independence to resolve the issue.
19. It carried the message of emotional conversion, ritual baptism, and communal spirituality.
20. The Northerners became successful and created community institutions, southerners faced
kidnapping and danger of slavery.