Basic electronics ppt

2. Basic electronnics

3. Battery
• An electrical battery is one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy
• The variation includes
galvanic cells, electrolytic cells,
fuel cells, flow cells and
voltaic piles

4. • Primary cells or non-rechargeable batteries
- Alkaline battery -Aluminium battery
• Secondary cells, or rechargeble batteries
• Flow battery
– Vanadium redox battery
– Zinc-bromine flow battery
• Lithium air battery
• Lithium-ion battery

5. DC source
• A constant voltage source is called a DC Voltage
(DC)and a voltage that alternates periodically
with time is called an AC voltage. (AC). Voltage
can be either positive or negative.
• Batteries or power supplies are mostly used to
produce a steady D.C. (direct current) voltage
source such as 5v, 12v, 24v etc in electronic
circuits and systems
• DC sources symbols

6. Voltage, current , resistance
• Voltage is the potential energy of an electrical
supply stored in the form of an electrical charge
• Electrical Current is the movement or flow of
electrical charge and is measured in Amperes,
symbol i, for intensity).
• The Resistance of a circuit is its ability to resist or
prevent the flow of current (electron flow)
through it

7. Resistance color code

8. Resistors color code table
Colour Digit Multiplier Tolerance
Black 0 1
Brown 1 10 ± 1%
Red 2 100 ± 2%
Orange 3 1,000
Yellow 4 10,000
Green 5 100,000 ± 0.5%
Blue 6 1,000,000 ± 0.25%
Violet 7 10,000,000 ± 0.1%
Grey 8
White 9
Gold 0.1 ± 5%
Silver 0.01 ± 10%
None ± 20%

9. • The Resistor Colour Code system is all well and good but we need
to understand how to apply it in order to get the correct value of
the resistor. The "left-hand" or the most significant coloured band
is the band which is nearest to a connecting lead with the colour
coded bands being read from left-to-right as follows;
• Digit, Digit, Multiplier = Colour, Colour x 10 colour in Ohm's (Ω's)
• For example, a resistor has the following coloured markings;
• Yellow Violet Red = 4 7 2 = 4 7 x 102 = 4700Ω or 4k7.
• If resistor has no fourth tolerance band then the default tolerance
would be at 20%.

10. Doides
• Diodes are made from a single piece of
Semiconductor material which has a positive "P-
region" at one end and a negative "N-region" at
the other, and which has a resistivity value
somewhere between that of a conductor and an
insulator

12. Zener diode
• Zener Diodes can be used to produce a stabilised
voltage output with low ripple under varying load
current conditions
• By passing a small current through the diode
from a voltage source, via a suitable current
limiting resistor (RS), the
zener diode will conduct
sufficient current to
maintain a voltage drop of Vout.

13. LEDS diodes
• Light Emitting Diodes or LED´s, most widely used of all
the different types of diodes available today
• most visible type of diode,
that emit a fairly narrow
bandwidth of
either visible light at different
coloured wavelengths,
invisible infra-red light for remote controls or laser type light
when a forward current is passed through them

14. capacitors
• , the Capacitor, is a passive device, and one
which stores its energy in the form of an
electrostatic field producing a potential
difference (Static Voltage) across its plates
• Ceramic type/electrolytic

15. tansistors
• Transistors have the ability to operate within three
different regions:
• 1. Active Region - the transistor operates as an
amplifier
•
• 2. Saturation - the transistor is "fully-ON"
operating as a switch
•
• 3. Cut-off - the transistor is "fully-OFF" operating
as a switch