Drug abuse and illicit trafficking Drug abuse in kashmir Effects of drug abuse Signs and symptoms of drug abuse Diagnosis of drug abuse

1. International day against drug abuse
and illicit trafficking
Presented by: Ms. Maneera Gulzar
Tutor Haneefa Nursing College, Sopore.

3. DRUG:
A drug is any substance that when absorbed into the body of a living organism, alters
normal bodily function.
Drugs are chemicals that change the way a person’s body works by altering emotions and
thoughts.

4. DRUG ABUSE:
♥ Drug abuse may be defined as the habitual use of drugs not needed for
therapeutic purposes, solely to alter one’s mood, affect state of consciousness
or to affect a bodily function unnecessarily.
Continued use of drugs can lead to drug dependence, a state of physical and
psychological dependence or both on a dangerous drug.
DRUG ADDICTION:
Drug addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by
compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences.

6. COMMONLY USED DRUGS IN
KASHMIR:
Cannabis
Brown sugar
Heroine
Anxit
Alprax
Inhalants like fevicol
Shoe polish
Paint varnish and
Dirty socks

7. MAGNITUDE OF DRUG ABUSE IN
INDIA

8. Nearly 1.8 crore people
use sedatives, non
medical or non
prescription use.

9. MAGNITUDE OF DRUG ABUSE IN JAMMU AND
KASHMIR:

10. 534,000 males and
8000 females were
using opioids.

11. • Drug addiction is becoming a serious worry in Kashmir, devastating
the lives of young people.
• There is a sharp rise in the consumption of hard drugs such as heroin.
• Dr. Yasir Rather, a Psychiatrist and Professor at IMHANS, Srinagar
said that “ a decade ago, we used to see 10-15 cases of drug addiction
per day but now we see 150-200 cases a day.
• A drug addict spents around 88,000 rupees a month to get the drug.
• Kashmir has surpassed Punjab in drug abuse cases and is currently at
the no. 2nd position among top drug abuser states in the country.

12. ILLICIT TRAFFICKING
• Illicit trafficking is the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of
prohibited drugs.
Illicit trafficking in Kashmir
• The union territory’s strategic location makes it a transit point for the
illegal drug trade in Kashmir.
• The porous borders and difficult terrain makes it challenging for law
enforcement agencies to prevent the smuggling of drugs and other
contraband into and out of Jammu and Kashmir.

13. CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE

14. • Family history
• Pre-existing
psychiatric disorder
• Reinforcing effects of
drugs
• Cravings
• Social rebelliousness
• Curiosity
• Poor control
• Low self esteem
• Poor stress
management
• Childhood trauma
• To escape reality
• As a relief from
fatigue or boredom
• Peer pressure
• Role modelling
• Easy availability of
drugs
• Conflicts (familial)
• Lack of social or
family support.

15. MECHANISM OF DRUG
ABUSE

16. Each drug produces different physical effects on the
brain.
However, repeated use of drug can alter the way in which
the brain functions including the way the brain feels
pleasure.
The addicting drug causes changes in the brain that
interferes with the ability to think and control behaviour.
At the same time send intense impulses to take drugs.
Its because of these changes in the brain that it is so
challenging for an addicted person to stop taking drugs

17. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
OF DRUG ABUSE

18. PHYSICAL SIGNS
Bloodshot eyes
Pupils larger or smaller than usual
Changes in appetite
Sudden weight loss or weigh gain
Deterioration of physical appearance
Unusual smells on breath
Impaired coordination

19. BEHAVIORAL SIGNS
Poor work, decline in performance
Financial problems
Secretive behaviour
Sudden changes in friends and associates
Accident or trouble prone
Lack of motivation and withdrawn
Unexplained anxiety

20. SYMPTOMS
Having intense urge for the drug
Needs more drug to get the same effect
Makes certain to maintain supply of drug
Spending money on the drug, even though can’t afford it
Doing illegal things to get the drug like stealing
Failing in attempt to stop using the drug
Experiences withdrawal symptoms when attempts to stop
taking the drug

21. DIAGNOSIS OF DRUG ABUSE

22. A thorough evaluation that includes an
assessment by a psychiatrist, psychologist, or
licensed alcohol and drug counsellor.
Blood, urine, or other lab tests are used to
assess drug use, but they are not a diagnostic
test for addiction.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-5) published by the American
Psychiatric Association.