based on ICE research article on Al Azhar Tunnel in Egypt, Data extracted from Research Paper Geo technical Issues Ground Hazards Hazard Matrix Identification of Engineering Technique Application to similar Problem in any present or future project.

1. Cairo El Azhar Road Tunnel Project
 Presented by Tehmas Saeed & Zia Niazi
 Group E2
 Banner Id B00224146/B00254174
 University of West of Scotland
 Date: 8/12/2015

2. Brief overview of project
• 2.4 Km long Tunnel built with a duration of
40 months in Cairo with Highest Safety
standards for Tunnel Engineering.
• The tunnel allows faster access to car
owners.
• Pioneered use of Reinforced Fire line System
• Europe Highest Fire Safety standards
• Concrete poured 135000
m3
• Diaphragm walls 80000 m3
• Structures 55000 m3
• Total drilling length for
grouting 122000 m
• Grouting 20,000 m3
• Peak no of personnel's
2000
• Reinforced steel structure
13 000 tons
Materials use
summary
Salient Features
• Cairo Population 18 Million
• Vehicle One Million
• External Diameter 9.15 m
• Internal Diameter 8.35 m
• Lane width 6m
• Sewer
• Permissible Vehicle height 4m
• Maximum Speed limit 50 km/hr

3. A hazard is defined as an occurrence or event that is likely to influence a project, which could result in an incident that is deemed unsuitable
for any construction Project.
Likelihood of event is what ranking the hazard has of happening. This parameter is expressed in number on a predetermined scale. Risk
Register show Severity of impact is the product of Likelihood and Severity of Hazard. Mitigations show probability of risk after taking
mitigating steps.
The matrix represents the risk value of the specific hazard as the multiple of the likelihood of event and the severity of impact
4 8 12 16
3 6 9 12
2 4 6 8
1 2 3 4

4. Main Ground issues considered for Cairo's Al Azhar Tunnel Project
Structural Stability of Sand and Clay
Avoiding Underground Structures poorly built and Vulnerable
Great Risk of Settlements
Pile Foundations of Flyovers
Services i.e. 5m Collection Sewer near port said under roads
Minimum Disruption to services
Changes in Soil Properties
Changes in Ground Water level
Loss of Support due to Excavation
Deterioration of Fill or Grout
Deterioration of Substructure
Geological Faults
Loss of Solution due to internal erosion or solution by material
Spalling of Structure
Presence of Bacteria a threat to Grouting or hazard to Labour health
Collapsing of tunnel diaphragm walls
Cohesion less sand at tunnel face and arch.
Water Ingress from existing Structures
Occurrence of cavities
Loose material and objects falling from height
Insufficient reinforcement
Exposure to contaminated Area

5. Excavation
Effect of Excavation on Existing
underground foundations.
• Excavations can cause significant
damage resulting in destabilization
or failure of exiting underground
foundations.
Effect of Excavation on Groundwater.
Excavations can affect
• Appropriate measures should be in place to
tackle groundwater if encountered which can
either temporary or permanent solution for
improved strength of trench Sides.
Effect of Existing Underground Foundations on
Excavation.
• Any exiting underground foundations will
have an impact on alignment of excavations.
• Appropriate planning and extensive survey
should be carried out for assurance to avoid
encountering and underground foundations n
excavation where it has to encounter or avoid
Underground Exiting Foundations
Underground Exiting
Foundations
Effect of Existing underground foundations on
Groundwater.
Exiting Foundations have no impact on
Groundwater.
Effect of Groundwater on Excavations.
Ground water can affect the phase of
Excavation, diaphragm support needed to make
it water proof. Moreover Pore water pressure
decreases as Excavation Rate increases.
Effect of Groundwater on Existing
underground foundations.
Ground Water Can damage Exiting
Foundations by ingression or can lift
structure by buoyancy effect or cause
Settlement due to submergence of Soil
Groundwater

8. Use of Grouting to strength diaphragm walls
• Increased stability
• Allowable settlement
• Increased construction phase
• Time and Cost Effective
using same system of Underground construction of Dubai Metro
In Dubai Metro where government is planning the expansion of
Dubai Metro.
Grouting can strengthen weeks soils resulting in better Tunnel
Designs and safer construction.

9.  Follow, simple steps, 98, E., PMP, S. Y.-, PMP, A. K., OMAGA, Habib, M. A., Hendrikz,
D., 90, S., Younus, S. and Mastan, K. (2015) Project risk register Available at:
http://www.slideshare.net/simplesteps/project-risk-register?next_slideshow=4
(Accessed: 7 December 2015
 Avestedt, L. (2012) Comparison of Risk Assessments for Underground Construction
Projects. Available at: http://kth.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:537586/FULLTEXT01 (Accessed: 7 December 2015)
 Cui, Q.-L., Yin, Z.-Y., Shen, S.-L., Xu, Y. and Wu, H.-N. (2015) ‘Mitigation of Geohazards
during deep excavations in Karst regions with Caverns: A case study’, Engineering
Geology, 195. doi: http//dx..org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.05.024.
 (Tunnelling) (2005) Available at: https://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3115.html
(Accessed: 7 December 2015) Transport systems and their fire safety / 2014 features
/ fire middle east magazine (no date) Available at:
https://www.firemiddleeastmagazine.com/features/view/24 (Accessed: 7 December
2015)
References