Different methods used for construction of surface course in flexible pavement which are environmental friendly and quick method of construction which are adopted in INDIA and also in other countries. To decrees green house gas emission.

1. GREEN ROADS
25/05/17
Present by:
Rudresh C K
2nd
Semester
M Tech ( Transportation engineering )
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2. When wesay bitumen or asphalt
The first thing that
Comes to our mind is about
BLACK TOPPING of roads....
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3. Hot mix technology
Heating
Binder at 170°c
Heating
Aggregate at 155°c for hot mix
Production
Of Hot mix at 150°c
Laying
Of Hot mix at 135°c
Compaction
Of Hot mix at 125°c
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5. INDIAN Roads
 Road transport is considered to be one of the less cost effective and
preferred modes of transport for both goods and passengers.
 India has an extensive road network of 4.24 million km– the second
largest in the world (MORTH, 2005).
 By changing of environment day by day people are implementing
recycling concepts in many fields.
 Like that in construction of road network also people are
implementing new technologies. Among them GREEN ROAD
concept is one technology which is widely using nowadays.
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6. GREEN ROAD CONCEPT
It is one of the new technology which has been implemented
recently in India for infrastructure development.
Concept GREEN ROAD is to develop roads by recycling,
reusing of waste materials without polluting the environment.
One of method of developing GREEN ROAD is by using
COLD MIX Technology.
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7. Compression
Cold mix Hot mix
No heating saves fuel and its cost Approximately required 1800 litres of fuel per km
for rural roads
No pollution environment friendly Polluting affects the health of public, construction
workers and environment
Fast progress and no temperature control required Slow progress requires temperature control
Mixing of aggregate and emulsion at ambient temp
(10°c – 30°c)
Mixing of aggregate and emulsion at temperature of
(138°c – 160°c)
It can be easily prepared small set up on site. It also
small scale job opportunity
It is prepared in hot mix plant itself
Cold mix can be laid during wet condition also Work will get stop during rainy season
Local, unskilled and women workers can execute
the work
It requires skilled and experience workers
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ABOUT
BitChem is a new-generation road science and technology company
promoting the Green Roads concept by using Coldmix for road
paving.
In India with the partnership of CRRI – BITchem green roads
constructed
The CRRI – BITChem Coldmix technology requires no heating of
aggregate and binder causing zero pollution, making it a definite
solution for climate change through the roads sector.
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9. Cold mix asphalt
Cold mix is a bituminous mixture containing aggregate, water
and binder ( bitumen emulsion) prepared by a suitable
devices like concrete mixture or by modified hot mix plant.
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Cold
emulsion
binder
+
+
+
+
+
+
AGGREGATE
Cold mix asphalt
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10. Design of cold mix
Hence there is no universally accepted mi design method for cold
mix technology
Aggregates selection
Aggregate which possess sufficient physical properties that are
chosen.
Also we have to keep in view the availability and economic
consideration
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11. Selection of aggregate by grading
The properties of bituminous mix are very much dependent on
aggregates and their grain size distribution.
There are 2 types open graded and dense graded
Usually dense graded is used because of high frictional
resistance & greater load transfer.
Theoretical gradation method is used for aggregate gradation
By Fuller & Thompson equation
P= 100(d/D)
x
P= percent passing D= maximum size aggregate
d= normal size of aggregate x= 0.45
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12. Grading 1 2
Nominal aggregate size 19mm 13.2mm
Layer thickness 50mm 30-40 mm
IS sieve size mm Cumulative % by weight of total aggregate passing
26.5 100 -
19 90-100 100
13.2 59-79 90-100
9.5 52-72 70-88
4.75 35-55 53-71
2.36 28-44 42-58
1.18 20-34 34-48
0.60 15-27 26-38
0.30 10-20 18-28
0.15 5-13 12-20
0.075 2-8 4-10
specified gradation based on MORTH specification.
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13. Proportioning of aggregates
Usually aggregates are proportioned based on
 Trial and error method
 Routhfutch method
 Triangulation chart method
After proportioning of aggregates mixing is carried out to obtained
correct blending
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14. Emulsion selection(binder)
Bitumen emulsion is a mixture of water and bitumen with the help
of emulsifier.
There are 3 types of bitumen emulsion
 Rapid setting
 Medium setting
 Slow setting
These are only for spraying purpose to be used in Tack Coat and
Prime Coat application. IRC mentions about tailor made bitumen
emulsions for appropriate cold mix design.
Types of binder produced by BITchem company
Supreme PC type
All in 1 binder Ezee 2 in 1 binder
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But in this method of cold mix technology BITchem company
provides tailor made binder which is prepared by BITchem
company itself.
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16. The blending of aggregate of 13.2mm and11.2mm of nominal
size in ratio of 2:1.
Hot mix plant is used for mixing of aggregate with binder
without heating
If required optimum water content of 1%by the weight of
aggregate is added to make aggregate wet
Then cold mix binder of 7% by the weight of aggregate is added
to the wet aggregate and mixed it for 2 minutes
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Procedurefor preparation of cold mix asphalt
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17. After proper mixing the cold mix is obtained which is
brown in colour and it is transferred to trolley
Later the obtained cold mix is placed on pavement and
rolling is done by using 8-10 tonnes of roller for proper
compaction.
Cold mix asphalt is also prepared in site itself by using
concrete mixture
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Procedure continued....

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On field preparation of cold mix
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Laying, Rolling and compacting process

20. Advantages
Reduction of cost of construction
Prevention of energy
Prevention of environment
It can be laid in wet condition also
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21. Paper articles on cold mix technology
Thiruvanathapuram (Trivandrum )
The local self government department has started to adopt
green road technology by using emulsion based cold mix
technology in Kerala state.
The Vengodu-Cheroor road, near Pothencode has become first
stretch to use cold mix technology
Guwahati
From Green Buildings to Green Roads, Assam has begun its
journey towards becoming one of the greenest and cleanest
states in the country by using cold mix technology in which
natural rubber latex is blended with bitumen emulsion.25/05/17 21

22. Assam is a innovative state in the country to have used cold
mix technology in rural road construction and has so far
constructed about 1500 kms
Green road construction project is under taken by CRRI &
BITchem company
More green roads in India
There will be more 'green' roads across the country with the
help of a unique technology developed by Assam-based
Bitchem company.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently appreciated the cold
mix technology.
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23. Cold in place recycling surface method
It is another type of Green road concept
It is on site pavement recycling method in which
existing asphalt mixed with stabilizing agent
without heating to produce restore pavement
layer
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24. Cold-in-Place (CIR) recycling is a method of removing and
reusing the existing asphalt surface. It involves grinding off
the top 2 to 5 inches of the existing asphalt surface and mixing
the crushed asphalt with an asphalt recycling agent, and
placing it back down with a paver
cold-in-place process is typically performed using a “train” of
equipment which includes an emulsion tanker, milling
machine, sometimes a crusher and a screen, and an asphalt
paver and a combination of pneumatic and vibratory rollers.
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25. MATERIALS USED
 Asphalt emulsion
 Recycled aggregates
 Modifiers
 Water
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26. Procedure
Milling : It is used to remove the thin surface layer of the
pavement usually 2 to 4 inch
Gradation control : The removed material is further crushed and
graded to produced maximum particle size. If needed new
materials are added to the recycled materials.
Adding additive : usually additives such as Portland cement, fly
ash, lime are used.
Mixture placement : Obtained graded material and additive are
mixed in pug mill.
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Compaction : The placed mixture is compacted to desired density.
Compaction is done by pneumatic tyre roller and vibratory steel
wheel roller.
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29. Advantage
Heating of materials is not required hence reduce in fuel
consumption and emission of green of gases is reduced.
In other rehabilitation technique such as hot mix asphalt and
warm mix asphalt the aggregate and bitumen are required to
heated.
By using existing material the need of additional aggregates,
bituminous concrete is reduced
Hence mixing is carried out on road itself , it saves nearly 40 –
50% of energy and cost
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30. Green roads conclusion
For the production of aggregate, GHG emission range is 2.5to10 kg
CO2/t and for asphalt it is 221kg CO2/t. By using green road construction
technologies we can reduce GHG emission.
Green roads are made in concept of recycle, reuse and renewable of
materials hence by using different eco friendly technologies we can
reduce the consumption natural resources.
In cold mix technology heating process is eliminated, hence it can
prevent environment pollution and also it do not cause any accident for
labours who are working
And in cold in place recycling technology reusing of aggregates is
carried out hence it prevent our natural resources and also prevents the
emission of GHG
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31. Thank you!
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32. REFERENCES
• AppaRoa G., Rajiv Kumar, Amar D.D, Ryntathiang T.L, “Green Road
Approach for the Sustainable Development in India”. European Journal of
Sustainable Development, Page 165 – 176, 2013.
• Rajan chowdhary, Abhijit mondal, Harshad s kaulgud “ Use of Cold Mixes
for Rural Road Construction”. International Conference on Emerging
Frontiers in Technology for Rural Area (EFITRA) 2012.
• Narake Virabhadra, Sunilkumar, Ukrande Amol, Nimse Annasaheb,
Narlawar Ajinkya, Prof. D. N. Deshpande “Comparison Between Hot Mix
and Cold Mix Bitumen”. International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ)
Volume 2, Page 1366-1268, 2016.
• Animesh Das “Cold in-place recycling with bitumen emulsion”
• Mc asphalt technical bulletin “cold in place recycling technology”
• “Wirtgen Cold in place Recycling Technology”, 2012 Edition.
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Think
Green
Go Green
Keep
Earth
Clean