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SGSN.
When a mobile terminal that was in an idle state attempts to send data, the following procedure occurs:
SGSN.
1) The mobile terminal sends a request to reestablish the radio bearer to the eNodeB.
• Steps (12) - (14):
If the radio bearer between the
2) The eNodeB forwards this request to the MME.
The SGSN sends an update loca-
mobile terminal and eNodeB has been
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SGSN.
When a mobile terminal that was in an idle state attempts to send data, the following procedure occurs:
SGSN.
1) The mobile terminal sends a request to reestablish the radio bearer to the eNodeB.
• Steps (12) - (14):
If the radio bearer between the
2) The eNodeB forwards this request to the MME.
The SGSN sends an update loca-
mobile terminal and eNodeB has been
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This document provides an overview of LTE architecture and interfaces. It begins with a brief history of 3GPP and IEEE standards evolutions leading to LTE. It then discusses the key capabilities and performance targets of LTE such as higher data rates, lower latency, and improved spectrum efficiency. The document outlines the LTE system architecture including the Evolved UTRAN and Evolved Packet Core. It describes the network interfaces between these components and other 3GPP networks for interworking and roaming. In summary, the document covers the evolution and standardization history driving LTE, its important technical capabilities, and high-level network architecture.
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Ccna1v31 mod07
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All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G
Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd
5G Page: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/5G/
Free Training Videos: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/Training/
Optimization channal contral power in live umts network
Abstract— The proposed approach to improvement on the
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)
network radio, there are many ways we propose another way of
reducing power control channel slightly to provide improved
signal quality, which is a measure of quality is EcIo (energy per
bit) / (Own cell interference +. Noise density) principle when the
power control channel down a bit to make the quality better,
because the denominator less energy than ever before, and open
the extra capacity in the network in the body, this is the reason
for the optimization this principle can be applied in a live
network.
It is important to maintain signal quality are durable and
resistant to interference. Probability to the good benefits for
imply network must be physical tuning coverage complete before
and area dense urban or urban is good to the imply this
parameter. For area rural should not imply because the cell edge
a foot print coverage is too large . However this paper presents a science so that the results can be applied to real work.
Lte Ran Architecture Aspects
This document summarizes an IMT-Advanced evaluation meeting held in Beijing, China on December 17-18, 2009 regarding LTE RAN architecture aspects. Dino Flore of Qualcomm Inc., the RAN WG3 Chairman, presented on topics including the EPS architecture, E-UTRAN architecture, functional split between network nodes, EPS bearer service architecture and QoS model, inter-cell interference control, and support for features like HeNB/CSG operation, SON, positioning, and E-MBMS.
Oct 2014: Update on 3GPP SA5
The document provides a summary of ongoing work and studies within 3GPP SA5 on self-organizing networks and network management. Key topics discussed include:
- Studies on enhanced centralized coverage and capacity optimization and enhancements to distributed mobility load balancing.
- Gap analyses of 3GPP specifications against NGMN recommendations on topics like SON, performance management and operational efficiency.
- Normative work on network sharing management aspects and WLAN management integration.
- Ongoing studies on network management of virtualized networks and application of the Itf-N interface.
- Updates on timelines and freezing dates for 3GPP Releases 12-15 where SA5 specifications will be standardized.
A FUTURE MOBILE PACKET CORE NETWORK BASED ON IP-IN-IP PROTOCOL
The current Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 4th generation (4G) mobile network architecture features complicated control plane protocols and requires expensive equipment. Data delivery in the mobile packet core is performed based on a centralized mobility anchor between eNode B (eNB) elements and the network gateways. The mobility anchor is performed based on General Packet Radio Service tunnelling protocol (GTP), which has numerous drawbacks, including high tunnelling overhead and suboptimal routing between mobile devices on the same network. To address these challenges, here we describe new mobile core architecture for future mobile networks. The proposed scheme is based on IP encapsulated within IP (IP-in-IP) for mobility management and data delivery. In this scheme, the core network functions via layer 3 switching (L3S), and data delivery is implemented based on IP-in-IP routing, thus eliminating the GTP tunnelling protocol. For handover between eNB elements located near to one another, we propose the creation of a tunnel that maintains data delivery to mobile devices until the new eNB element updates the route with the gateway, which prevents data packet loss during handover. For this, we propose Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) tunnelling protocol. We describe the results of numerical analyses and simulation results showing that the proposed network core architecture provides superior performance compared with the current 4G architecture in terms of handover delay, tunnelling overhead and total transmission delay.
Epc cups overview
The document discusses EPC CUPS (Control and User Plane Separation) architecture in 3GPP releases. Some key points:
1) EPC CUPS was introduced in Release 14 to separate control and user plane functions for more flexible scaling and deployment.
2) CUPS introduces new Sxa, Sxb, and Sxc interfaces between control and user plane functions of SGW, PGW, and TDF.
3) The separation allows independent scaling of control and user plane resources to better handle increases in data traffic.
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This document provides an overview of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) and their key features and functions. It discusses three main aspects of SON: self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing. Specific SON techniques covered include automatic neighbor relations, mobility load balancing, mobility robustness optimization, coverage and capacity optimization, and minimization of drive testing. The document also outlines the SON architecture and features defined in 3GPP Releases 8-10.
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All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at:
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A FUTURE MOBILE PACKET CORE NETWORK BASED ON IP-IN-IP PROTOCOL
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Advanced: Control and User Plane Separation of EPC nodes (CUPS)
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Similar to LTE Network structure
LTE EPC Technology Essentials
This Workshop is a fast track Course to cover the basic architecture and functionalities of the LTE-EPC from the Packet Core Perspective.
The course is a little bit advanced and the target Audience is requested to have a basic PS Foundations and Mobility Knowledge as a prerequisite.
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LTE Core Network
This document provides an overview of the LTE network architecture including:
1) The LTE network introduces a new radio access network called E-UTRAN and a new core network called EPC.
2) Key components of the EPC include the MME for control plane functions, the SGW for user plane functions and mobility, and the PGW which acts as an anchor for the user plane.
3) The architecture supports interworking with other 3GPP networks like UMTS/GPRS and non-3GPP networks like WiFi. It also defines interfaces for connecting to external networks.
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intro to 4G.ppt
4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G..4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and preceding 5G.4G is the fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology, succeeding 3G and
Lte basic
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to LTE networks. It describes key technologies such as OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and MIMO that improve spectral efficiency and throughput. The LTE network architecture is presented, including elements such as the E-UTRAN, MME, serving gateway, PDN gateway, and HSS. The interfaces between these elements are also outlined.
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This document provides an overview of the LTE radio interface architecture. It discusses:
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- The
LTE - Long Term Evolution
The document provides an overview of LTE (Long Term Evolution) network architecture and transmission schemes. It describes the simplified LTE network elements including eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW. It explains the downlink transmission scheme using OFDMA and reference signal structure. It also covers uplink transmission using SC-FDMA, control and data channels as well as frame structure in both FDD and TDD modes.
WC and LTE 4G Broadband module 3- 2019 by Prof.Suresha V
This document provides an overview of Module 3 which covers the channel structure of LTE. It discusses:
1. The channel structure in LTE includes logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels. Logical channels provide services to higher layers, transport channels to lower layers, and physical channels handle actual transmission.
2. The LTE network architecture consists of the radio access network (E-UTRAN) and core network (EPC). E-UTRAN includes eNodeBs while EPC includes MME, SGW, PGW, and PCRF.
3. The radio interface protocol stack separates into control and user planes. It consists of layers like RRC, PDCP, RLC, MAC
LTE optimization
This document describes the design of an LTE network optimization project by a group of students from Taiz University. It includes an introduction to LTE, the network planning process, and LTE system architecture. The network planning section discusses coverage planning including link budget calculations and propagation models, as well as capacity planning considering factors like interference levels and supported modulation schemes. The document also provides an overview of LTE system architecture components including the user equipment, E-UTRAN, EPC, and functions of each. It concludes with a section on LTE radio frequency optimization methods.
LTE_Basic_principle.pptx
This document provides an overview of LTE basics including:
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- LTE aims to provide high peak data rates up to 100Mbps downlink and 50Mbps uplink, low latency under 10ms, improved spectrum efficiency, and support for bandwidths up to 20MHz.
- LTE-Advanced further improves on LTE with data
4G-Questions interview.pdf
This document contains questions and answers about LTE (Long Term Evolution) technology. Some key points covered include:
- OFDMA is used for downlink and SC-FDMA is used for uplink to overcome high PAPR issues.
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- MIMO uses multiple antennas to increase data rates up to a maximum of 8x8 MIMO.
- The LTE network architecture includes the eNB, MME, S-GW and P-GW connected by various interfaces like S1, S6a, S5 etc.
- Security in LTE is based on
4G EPC architecture by saurav sarker
The document discusses the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) architecture, which is an all-IP core network designed to support LTE, 3G, 2G, and non-3GPP wireless technologies using a common IP infrastructure. The key elements of EPC include the Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW), Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), and Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF). EPC enables an end-to-end IP experience with flat architecture, simplified signaling, and improved support for new services and business models compared to previous 3G core networks.
Paper lte-protocol-signaling
This white paper discusses protocol signaling procedures in LTE networks, including:
1) The LTE network architecture includes eNodeBs, MMEs, SGWs, and PGWs that facilitate communication between UEs and the core network.
2) UEs access the network through random access procedures and establish default bearers for connectivity.
3) System information broadcasting allows UEs to select networks and camp on cells, while tracking area updates allow UEs to update their locations.
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EVERYTHING IN LTE
I AM SUDANESE,MASTER OF TELECOM FROM SUDAN UNEVERSITY ,THIS IS MY DOCUMENT I INVESTIGATE IN LTE WITH MORE THAN 50 REFERENCE , GOD BLESS US ,PLEASE FEEL FREE TO ASK ABOUT ANY THING IN THIS TOPIC
MY EMAIL khalidaam2015@hotmail,khalidaa@sudatel.sd
دعواتكم لى وللوالدين ولاهلى , الحمد لله فبنعمته تتم الصالحات اللهم احفظ الدول الاسلامية من كل كيد واغدق عليهم الرخاء
Mobile computing – module 6
LTE and LTE-Advanced are cellular communication standards that provide higher data speeds and improved network performance over previous standards. Key points:
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Lte(1)
The document discusses the evolution of 3G networks to 4G LTE networks. It describes the key aspects of LTE including the LTE architecture, air interface technologies like OFDMA and SC-FDMA, and the Evolved Packet Core. The goals of LTE were to provide higher data rates, improve spectrum efficiency, reduce latency and simplify the network architecture. LTE adopted an all-IP flat architecture with reduced network elements in the core to help lower costs and complexity.
LTE (Long Term Evolution) Introduction
This slide for your understanding on LTE !
LTE, the wireless access protocol for 4G mobile network service, has evolved from GSM and WCDMA based on 3GPP!
The contents of this slide is below;
I. LTE Introduction
II. LTE Protocol Layer
III. SAE Architecture
IV. NAS(Non Access Stratum) Protocols
V. EPC Protocol Stacks
With my regards,
Guisun Han
Best practices-lte-call-flow-guide
The document discusses LTE network architecture including nodes like the eNodeB, MME, SGW and PGW, and their functions. It also outlines the basic LTE call flows for initial call setup, detach procedures, idle-to-active transitions, and handovers. Key call flow steps include attach request, authentication, context setup, and establishment of bearers between the UE and PDN gateway.
Lte call flows_att_best_practices_lte_pe
Main purpose of this document is to discuss LTE basic call flows.
It also introduces LTE network architecture, Nodes, their functionality as well as interfaces that
connect these network nodes.
A brief description of UE states is also given.
Lte training session_1
This document outlines an agenda for eight sessions on LTE system overview and operation. Session 1 provides an overview of LTE cellular systems, specifications, and network architecture. Sessions 2-8 cover OFDMA and SCFDMA concepts, LTE transmission schemes, protocol architecture, MIMO, UE operations, cell acquisition procedures, handover, and UE testing. The document lists references on LTE system design books and 3GPP specifications.
“Performance Analysis of an LTE-4G Network Running Multimedia Applications”
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the performance of an LTE 4G network running multimedia applications like VoIP and video conferencing. It discusses using the OPNET network simulator to study how these applications perform over LTE under static and mobile node conditions. The paper finds that multimedia applications experience less packet delay variation when nodes are mobile compared to static nodes, due to HARQ retransmission being given up under mobility. It also analyzes how varying network loads affect quality of service for multimedia applications sharing bandwidth with background data traffic.
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Amir ahmadian tlt-6507-seminar report final version-
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5G NR technologies use a frame structure that divides radio resources into time and frequency units. The frame structure allows 5G networks to efficiently allocate resources to different services like enhanced mobile broadband, ultra-reliable low latency communications, and massive machine type communications. Dividing resources into smaller units provides flexibility to meet different service requirements.
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LTE eNode B Overview
Prepared by:
AbdulEllah Qasim
======================
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GNSS spoofing via SDR (Criptored Talks 2024)
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...Edge AI and Vision Alliance
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Mutation Testing for Task-Oriented Chatbots
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Crafting Excellence: A Comprehensive Guide to iOS Mobile App Development Serv...
Crafting Excellence: A Comprehensive Guide to iOS Mobile App Development Serv...Pitangent Analytics & Technology Solutions Pvt. Ltd
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.Recently uploaded (20)
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdf
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9 CEO's who hit $100m ARR Share Their Top Growth Tactics Nathan Latka, Founde...
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Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during Migration
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Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
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Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024
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"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...
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“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
“Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transfor...
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...
Crafting Excellence: A Comprehensive Guide to iOS Mobile App Development Serv...
Crafting Excellence: A Comprehensive Guide to iOS Mobile App Development Serv...
LTE Network structure
- 1. LTE Network structure Prepared by: Eng:AbdulEllah Qasim 1
- 2. LTE Network Structure SAE :System Architecture Evolution 2
- 5. LTE Network Structure 5 eNode B, OFDM & MIMO technologies Evolved Packet Core – EPC Evolved Packet System – EPS
- 6. LTE Network Structure 6 All-IP network Media Plane and Control Plane Separation. MME management node. SGW session node. Supports multi PND-GW connection & multi-IP application Interoperation with 3GPP/non-3GPP network
- 7. LTE SAE Network Element 7 eNode B : LTE Base Station [eNode B=Node B+RNC] eNode B Functions: 1. Physical layer function 2. MAC Layer function 3. Radio Resource Management (RRM) 4. Broadcast 5. Paging S-GW: Serving Gateway S-GW Functions: 1. Serving all subscribers in its location 2. Route user packets in the network and to P-GW 3. IP Assignment
- 8. LTE SAE Network Element 8 S-GW: Serving Gateway
- 9. LTE SAE Network Element 9 P-GW: Packet Data Network Gateway
- 10. LTE SAE Network Element 10 MME: Mobility Management Entity (MME) MME Functions: 1. Delivery of security parameters 2. UE Mobility Management 3. IP Assignment
- 11. LTE EPC Network Element 11 HSS: Home Subscriber Server HSS Functions: 1. Central DB for the home network 2. Generate Security parameter 3. Delivery of user info. to MME at initial register PCRF: Policy and Charging Rule Function PCRF Functions: 1. Setting of charging Rules 2. UE Mobility Management 3. 3. IP Assignment
- 12. LTE EPC Network Element 12 PCRF: Policy and Charging Rule Function PCRF Functions: 1. Setting of charging Rules 2. UE Mobility Management 3. 3. IP Assignment
- 13. LTE EPC Network Element 13 HSS: Home Subscriber Server HSS Functions: 1. Central DB for the home network 2. Generate Security parameter 3. Delivery of user info. to MME at initial register PCRF: Policy and Charging Rule Function PCRF Functions: 1. Setting of charging Rules 2. UE Mobility Management 3. 3. IP Assignment
- 14. LTE Transmission Solution 14 Common CDMA/LTE backbone transmission, supports independent and flexible access
- 15. 15 Mobile : +967715551050 |+967739911444 Website : http://www.taiz-telecom.com Email : taiz.telecom@outlook.com | taiztelecom@gmail.com Information Follow us on https://www.facebook.com/taiztelecom.development5 https://www.Twitter.com/taiztelecom3 https://www.linkedin.com/TaizTelecomDevelopment https://t.me/Taiz_TelecomDevelopment https://chat.whatsapp.com/J5rbtCaTmimFu6WXV7xnp6 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCvtuWqRxx13ELILiQ5uInAQ https://www.slideshare.net/TaizTelecom