IAOS-OECD 2018 conference, 19-21 September 2018, Paris. More information at: http://www.oecd.org/iaos2018/

1. Sustainable Development Goals and
Business Surveys
Presentation to IAOS 2018
Anthony Krakah
Head of Industrial Statistics
anthony.krakah@statsghana.gov.gh
Ellen Cathrine Kiøsterud
Senior Advisor – Statistics Norway
ellen.kiosterud@ssb.no

2. The project
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud2
•More mileage from existing data
•Improve fact base for achieving the SDGs
•Contribute to improve the literature on using
business surveys data for deriving SGD and
other policy indicators
•Develop a report on indicators using business
survey data

3. Business surveys
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud3
• This involves conducting surveys on firms to obtain data
on firm operations
• It requires having a comprehensive and exhaustive
business register
• This business register has all basic information e.g
employment and adresses of firms
• Samples for the business survey are selected from the
business register
• Data collection includes inputs, outputs, detail cost etc

4. Implementation of project
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud4
Two starting points:
1. Starting with the SDGs and look for areas where
enterprise surveys cover the official indicators or provide
more information on the issues
2. Starting with the IBES I and IBES II questionnaires and
look for questions asked that can be turned into
interesting SDG related information

5. GOAL 1 ELIMINATE POVERTY
SDG indicator matrix
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud5
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms
everywhere
Indicator Spesification Recommended source of
data
Business Survey options
1.3 Implement nationally
appropriate social protection
systems and measures for all,
including floors, and by 2030
achieve substantial coverage of the
poor and the vulnerable
1.3.1 Proportion of
population covered by
social protection
floors/systems, by sex,
distinguishing children,
unemployed persons, older
persons, persons with
disabilities, pregnant
women, newborns, work-
injury victims and the poor
and the vulnerable
Proportion of workers
covered in case of
employment injury: ratio
of workers protected by
injury insurance to total
employment.
The main data source is the
Social Security Inquiry, ILO’s
periodic collection of
administrative data from
national ministries of labour,
social security, welfare,
finance, and others.
Insurance and/or compensation to
work injury victims. Whether or not
the business provides such
insurance, which employees it
covers, how large it is.
Ideas for around 40
of the indicators.

6. IBES information today
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud6
Goal/
Indicator
Potential IBES indicator/table
1 Share of firms who reported to pay social security?
Social security as share of wages?
4.3.1 How many businesses spent money on training?
Average sum spent on training per employee, and/or per employee for those who spend
money
4.4 Skilled and unskilled personnel from IBES I
5.5.2 From IBES I How many companies who have both women and men in ownership? how many
who have only women/only men?
From IBES II: Sex of the different employment groups in section 2
5.a.1 The sex indicators from 5.5.2 by agricultural sector only
6.4.1 Water bills – as share of cost? Total consumption?
Water as input to production – as share of?
How many businesses have water bills?
7.1.1. Proportion of businesses using electricity (by type of source?) (paying for electricity, paying
for fuel for electricity, owning generator)
7.1.2 and
7.2.1
Types of electricity production (from the Q to Businesses producing electricity)
8.3.1 Can the sex/employment indicators be disaggregated by formality of business?
8.4.1 Use of fuel – can you make volume?
Extractive industries: Volume?
8.4.1 Total wages per employee in a business?
8.5.2 The whole National Employment Report is relevant here 😊
8.6.1 How many businesses provides learnerships and how many?
Goal/
Indicator
Potential IBES indicator/table
8.9.1 Tourism share of total business contribution (GDP measure)
May add share of employment, number of businesses
8.10.2 Who has or do not have bank relations? (expenses vs zero expenses to banking)How large
share of turnover/profits/expenses/ whatever that are bank charges?
9.2.1 Manufacturing value added
9.2.2. Manufacturing employment (job creation report)
9.3.1 Proportion of small scale industries in total value added
9.3.2 Small scale industries who has /have not access to credit (bank fees /interest paid)
9.4.1 CO2 emissions? Use of fuel
9.5.1 R&D proportion of GDP /of total cost /of total value added?
9.b.1 Share of medium and high tech value added in total value added (do you have such a
distinction in your data?)
9.c.1 Share of businesses with mobile network cover
Can be share of businesses with telephone/internet expenses or share of businesses located in
cover / non cover geographical areas.
10.4.1 Labour share of GDP (Value added?)
(What is a good indicator on labour intensity?)
17.6.1 17.3 and 4 in innovation module: From where does the company hire people for R&D
activities? And how big share of companies do?
17.6.7 and
17.8.1
Share of companies who have ICT expenses
Share of companies who have website
Share of companies who have telephone/ internet expenses
Small scale industries who
have access to credit.
Proportion of businesses
using electricity
Companies providing
training
More than 25
opportunities

7. Why is this useful?
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud7
0
50
100
2010 2013
Percent
Proportion of women in managerial
positions
Ghana LSS Ghana Census Norway LFS
0% 50% 100%
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
Manufacturing
Water supply, sewerage, waste…
Wholesale and retail trade
Accommodation and food service activities
Financial and insurance activities
Professional, scientific and technical…
Public administration and defence
Human health and social work activities
Other service activities
Activities of extraterritorial organizations…
Ownership to establishments, by sex
and industry. IBES I
Women only Men only Mix of men and women

8. SDG-areas of opportunity
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud8
•Gender equality
•Innovation and digitalisation
•Use of energy and water, sanitation
and pollution
•Access to financial services
•Work safety and social
responsibility
•Agriculture
•End poverty

9. Innovation
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud9
•Proportion of firms undertaking innovation
•Proportion of firms undertaking product innovation
•Proportion of firms undertaking process innovation
•Proportion firm’s expenditure on R&D to total
expenditure
•Ratio of male and female participating in R&D
•Ratio of domestic verses foreign firm personnel
participation in R&D

10. SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud 10
0.3
48.9
39.9
3.6
41.3
31.5
8.8
43.9
9.9
20.2
16.6
16.4
4.3
86.7
27.1
56.5
25.8
49.9
15.3
6.6
10.2
11.5
8.8
3.2
9.6
6.1
19.7
0 20 40 60 80 100
Extraction of crude petroleum and
Mining of metal ores
Other mining and quarrying
Mining support service activities
Manufacture of food products
Manufacture of beverages
Manufacture of textiles
Manufacture of wearing apparel
Manufacture of leather and relate
Manufacture of wood and of produc
Manufacture of paper and paper pr
Printing and reproduction of reco
Manufacture of coke and refined p
Manufacture of chemicals and chem
Manufacture of pharmaceuticals, m
Manufacture of rubber and plastic
Manufacture of other non-metallic
Manufacture of basic metals
Manufacture of fabricated metal p
Manufacture of computer, electron
Manufacture of electrical equipme
Manufacture of machinery and equi
Manufacture of motor vehicles, tr
Manufacture of other transport eq
Manufacture of furniture
Other manufacturing
Repair and installation of machin
Energy intensity of Industries in Ghana (%)
• Proportion of expenditure
on electricity from main
grid to total electricity
supply in country through
main grid
• Proportion of expenditure
on electricity vis-a-vis that
of fuel for running
generator
• Proportion of expenditure
on electricity through
main grid to total
expenditure
Use of energy

11. Main findings
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud11
• Business Surveys are one of several necessary sources to produce
some core indicators, like GDP, emissions to air etc
• Only two of the official indicators names Business Surveys as
recommended source
• There are however many areas where businesses are core in reaching
the goals. Business statistics can provide more information for policy
development and monitoring

12. Final output
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud12
• Work in progress – GSS is still publishing core results from the IBES
• We are working on a discussion report with the overviews and will include chosen
tables after they have been released by GSS
• Maybe inspiring others to look at which business statistics it can be relevant to include
in national SDG monitoring system
• Since job creation and industrialisation are critical for human development, it is vital to
examine some relevant indicators using firm data
• The GSS would derive indicators from all sources including firms censuses and sample
surveys and make them available for both domestic policy use and international
comparison
• If you want to receive this final report, please e-mail us!

13. Thank you!
SDG and Business Surveys - Krakah and Kiøsterud 13