This document discusses secondary sexual characteristics and reproductive phases in humans. It explains that: - Secondary sexual characteristics, such as facial hair in boys and breast development in girls, are physical changes that occur during adolescence due to hormones released by glands. - The reproductive phase begins at puberty when ovaries and testes start producing gametes. In females, this phase typically lasts from ages 10-12 to 45-50 years, beginning with menarche and ending with menopause. - The menstrual cycle occurs as the ovaries release eggs, the uterus lining thickens, and if fertilization does not occur the lining is shed through menstruation.

1. SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS
B. Sc. B.Ed. integrated

3. Secondary sexual characters
In boys
• Appearance of
moustaches and beard.
• Growth of hair on the
chest, under the arms
and pubic area.
In girls
• Development of
breasts.
• The growth of hair
under the arms and the
pubic area

4. Development of secondary sexual
characters
• Secondary sexual characters are physical
changes with starts occurring during
adolescence.
• Hormones are the chemicals substances which
are released by the glands.
• Glands are organs which are assigned to
produce the hormones.

5. hormones
 Characters are initiated by hormones.
 Hormones are the chemical substances.
 They are produced by glands.
 Glands are the organs in your body which are
specially assigned to secrete hormones.

6. Endocrine glands
• Glands which secrete the hormone directly
into bloodstream .(ductless)
• Each hormone has a specific target site.
• They don’t act upon the whole body.

7. Endocrine gland

9. Pituitary gland

10. Role of hormones

11. ..
If reproductive life, once
begun, continues, or it ends
sometime. And why?

12. Questions
 Name the hormone in
females that is
produced by ovaries?
 Which gland is called
master gland?

13. what this picture indicates

14. Reproductive phase
Reproductive ………. process of reproduction
Phase ………… time period.
Female are capable of reproduction only for
some period of time.

15. Reproductive phase of life in
humans
• Adolescents become capable of reproduction when
their testes and ovaries begin to produce gametes.
• The capacity for maturation and production of
gametes is longer in males.
• In females, reproductive phase begin at 10 to 12
years & lasts till the age of 45 to 50 years.
• When females hit puberty, the eggs or ova start
getting mature.

16. ,,,,
• One of the ovaries then releases the mature
ovum around 28 to 30 days.
• The wall of the uterus at this time, when the
egg is released, becomes thick to hold the egg
in case if fertilization occurs & develops.
• When the fertilization does not take place, the
lining of the uterus sheds along with the egg
and the blood vessels.
• This results in MENSTRUATION .

18. mbh
• The first menstruation flow occurs at puberty
and is called the MENARCHE.
• The stopping of menstrual cycle in the age
between 45 to 50 years is called MENOPAUSE.

19. Organisms aren’t immortal they eventually die. so
who will make sure that organisms will still exists in
nature a simple and efficient system in us make sure
that the species will keep going even after we die .

20. In female reproduction starts with
menarche and stop with
menopause.so will it be same in
males?

21. ,,,
Q. when does the
reproduction process of
males start and when
does it end?

22. State true or false
Q. Ovulation occurs at the onset of menstrual
cycle.

23. Questions
• following can lead to a
menstrual cycle?
a)Fertilization of egg
b)Unfertilized egg.
c) Improper sleep.
d)Study pressure.
• The first menstrual
flow is called as ……
a)Menopause
b)Menstruation
c) Menarche
• ovulation

24. Do know these sign? When we use
these sign?

25. Paheli: I heard my mother and my aunty talking
about my cousin who is going to have a baby.
They were discussing whether she would give
birth to a boy or a girl. I wonder what makes the
fertilized egg develop either into a boy or a girl.

26. Sex determination

27. Can you label it?

28. mm
Q. a family of five daughters only is expecting
sixth issue. The chance of its being a son is
a)0%
b)25%
c)50%
d)100%

29. RECAPITULATION:
 Explain secondary sexual character.
 Difference physical appearance between
male and female.
 What is hormone?
 Define endocrine glands.
 Explain menstrual cycle and various phases.
 What are chromosomes?

30. HOME WORK:
Q. what are sex hormones? Why are they
named so? State their function.
Q. draw menstruation cycle. And explain it.