Organic Name Reactions for the students and aspirants of Chemistry12th.pptx
Concept Of Sexuality.pptx
1. DOW UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE
INSTITUTE OF NURSING
FACULTY : MA’AM SHEHNILA
BSN GENERIC YEAR I SEMESTER II
FUNDAMENTAL OF NURSING (FON)
2. GROUP MEMBERS :
1. HEENA
2. SNEHA
3. INARA
4. AFIA
5. ANSA
6. SONIA
7. KOMAL
8. IRSA
TOPIC: CONCEPT OF SEXUALITY
3. Objectives:
At the end of this unit, learners will be able to:
1. Review the Anatomy and physiology of the male and female
reproductive system
2. Describe normal sexual pattern
3. Relate sexuality to all stages of life cycle
4. Identify factors that effects sexual functioning
5. Describe common risks and alteration in sexuality
6. Understand the nursing process as it relate to sexual functioning
5. External organ of the male reproductive system
Most of the male reproductive system is located outside of the man,s body.
These External structures are the penis , scrotum, epididymis,and tested.
Penis: this is the male organ used in sexual intercourse and
urination.semen and urine leave the penis through the urethra.The
Scrotum is a loose ,pouch-like sack of skin that hands behind the penis,
Containig the testes.
Scrotum: the scrotum has a protective function including the maintenance
of optimal temperature for supem survival and function.for sperm
development the testes must maintain a temperature slightly cooler than
normal body temperature.
6. External organ of the male reproductive system
• Epididymis: the epididymus is located at the back of the testis and
connect it to the vas deferens. Its function is to store and carry sperm.
The testis is the location for testosterone production. The coiled
collection of the tubes within the testes are the seminiferous tubules.
Within these tubules spermatogenesis takes place.
• Testes: these are oval organs about the size of the large olives that lie
in the scrotum, secured at either end by a structure called the spermatic
cord.mowt man have two testes. these testes are responsible for
making testosterone the primary male sex hormone and for generating
sperm. Within the testes are coiled masses of tubes called seminiferous
tubules. These tubes are responsible for producing sperm cells.
7.
8. • Vas deferens: the vas deferens is a long muscular tube that travels
from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity to just behind the
bladder.the vas deferens transport mature sperm to the urethra the tube
that carries urine or sperm to outside of the body.
• Urethra: the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to
outside the body.
• Seminal vesicles: the seminal vesicles are sac-like pouches that
attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder.the seminal
vesicles profuse a sugar rich fluid (fractose) that provides sperm with a
source of the energy to help them move.
9. • Bulbourethral glands: also called Cowper,s glands these are pea-
sized structure located on the sides of the urethra just below the
prostate gland.this gland prodused a fluid that empires directly into the
urethra.this fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any
acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra
11. EXTERNAL ORGANS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• The external genitalia are known collectively as the vulva, and consist of
labia majora and labia manora ,the clitoris ,the vaginal orifice , the
vestibule , the hymen and vestibular glands (Bartholin’s Glands ).
• 1 labia majora: These are two large folds forming the boundary of
the of the vulva.
• 2 labia minora: These are two smaller folds of skin between the labia
majora, containing numerous sebaceous glands. The cleft between the
labia minora is the vestibule. The vagina ,urethra and ducts of the great
vestibular glands open into the vestibule.
12. Parts of female Reproductive system
External Organs
3.clitoris: The clitoris corresponds to penis in the male and contain
sensory nerve ending and erectile tissue ,but it has no reproductive
significance.
4 Hymen: The hymen is thin layer of mucous membrane that partially
occludes the opening of vagina
5 Vestibular Glands: The vestibular glands (Bartholin Glands) are
situated one on each side near the the vaginal opening . They secrate
mucous that keeps the vulva moist.
13.
14. Internal Organ Of Female Reproductive System
1 Vagina: The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the
cervix of uterus in women. The vagina act as a receptacle for penis
during the intercourse and provide the elastic passageway through
which the baby passes during childbirth.
2 Uterus: The uterus is a hollow muscular pear-shaped organ,
flattened anteroposteriorly. It lies in the pelvic cavity between the
urinary bladder and rectum.
15. Internal Organ of female Reproductive System
3 Uterine Tubes: The Uterine tubes , also known as oviducts or
fallopian tubes ,are the female structure that transport the ova from
the ovary to the uterus every month. In the presence of sperm and ,
the uterine tubes transport fertilized egg to the uterus for implantation.
4 Ovaries: The Ovaries are the female gonads (glands producing sex
hormones and the ova)
A female reproductive organ in which ova and eggs are produced
16. NORMAL SEXUAL PATTERN
The sexual response cycle has four phases excitement, plateau,
orgasm, and resolution. Both man and women experience these
phases although the timing usually is different
For Example :it is unlikely that both partenes will reach orgasm at
the same time
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION :
It refers to a problem occurring during any phase of the
sexual response cycle that prevents tha individual or
couple from experience satisfaction from the sexual
activity.
17. PHASE 1:(EXCITEMENT)
Generall characteristics of the excitement phase, which
can last fork of you minutes to several ours include the
following
• Muscle tension increase
• Heart rate quickens and breathing is accelerated
• Skin may become flushed
• Nipples become hardened or erect virginal lubricicant
• In man, rhythmic concentration of muscle at the base of
penis result in the ejaculation of semen
18. PHASE :2 (PLATEAU)
Generall characteristics of the plateau phase which extends
to the brink of orgasm, include the following
• The changes began in phase one are intensified
• The vagina continues to swell from increased blood flow
and the vaginal walls turn dark purple
• The Man's testicles are withdrawn up into the scerotum
• Breathing, heart rate and blood pressure continue to
increase
19. PHASE :3 (ORGASM)
The orgasm is the climax of the sexual response cycle. It is the
shortest of the phases and generally lasts only a few seconds.
General characteristics of this phase including the following :
• Involuntary muscle contraction began blood pressure heart
rate, and breathing are at their highest rates with the rapid
intake of oxygen.
• Muscle in the feet spasam.
• In women the muscles of vagina contract, the uterus also
under goes rythemic contraction
20. PHASE :4 (RESOLUTION)
During resolution, the body slowly returns to its norm level of
functioning, and swelled and erect body parts return to their previous
size and color. This phase is marked by a general sense of well-being
enhanced intimacy and, often, fatigue some women are capable a
rapid return to the orgasms phase with furthur sexual stimulation and
may exoerineve multiple orgasms, Men need recovery time after
orgasms called a refectory period during which they cannot reach
orgasms again. The duration of the refractory period varies among
mEn and usually lengthens with advancing age
21. RELATE SEXUALITY TO ALL STAGES OF LIFE CYCLE ;
Sexual life cycle involve an alternation between meiosis
and fertilization meiosis is where a diploid cell gives rise to
haploid cells, and fertilization is where two haploid cells
(gemets) fysr to form a diploid zygote what happens
between these two events, how ever can differ a lot
between different organism say between you and a
mushroom or oak tree
22. THERE ARE THREE MAIN CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL
LIFE CYCLE :
1:In a diploid - dominant life cycle, the
multicellular diploid stage is the most
obvious life stage, and the only haploid cells
are the gemets, Humans and most
animalsnhave this tyoe of life cycle
23. 2: In a Hiploid - dominant life cycle, the multicellular
(or some times unicellular) haploid stage the most
obvious life stage and is often multicellular. In this type
of life cycle, the single zygot us the only diploid cell
fungi and some algae have this type of life cycle.
3: In Alternation of generation, both the haploid and
diploid staves are multicellular, through they may be
dominant to different species, Plants and some algae
have this type of life cycle.
24. FACTORS AFFECT SEXUAL FUNCTIONING
RELIGION
Religion influences sexual expression. It provides
guideline for sexual behaviour and acceptance
circumstances for the behaviour as well as prohibited
sexual behaviour.
RELIGIOUS VALUES:
• Sexuality regulated by the individual’s religion. For
e.g. Muslims can have more than one wife.
• Polygamy or monogamy may be the normal.
• Specific sex practices include circumcision.
25. PERSONAL FACTOR:
Although ethics is integral to religion, ethical
thought and ethical approaches to sexuality can
be viewed separately from individual to
individual.
HEALTH STATUS FACTOR:
Healthy mind, bodies and emotions are necessary
for sexual well-being.
Many health factors influence person’s expression
of sexuality.
26. ENVIRONMNTAL FACTOR:
• Lack of proper place and privacy.
PYSCHOLOGICAL FACTOR:
• Tension and pressure.
• Disinterest and disliking for partner.
27. RISKY SEX:
Sex is normal healthy part of life. But it can be
risky
If you or your partner do certain things that
could spread diseases or cause physical or
emotional harm.
28. COMMON RISK FACTORS :
1:UNPROTECTED SEX:
This mean having vaginal or oral sex without a condom.
It makes you to get HIV and other sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs)For Example :Blood and Semen
ALTERATION :
Use a condemn to avoid HIV STDs
29. 2: MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTENER :
There are more chances to get HIV or another STDs when
you have more than a one partner,
ALTERATION
To avoid HIV or STDs it is batter to have one sexual
partner
3:ANAL SEX:
It is the most riskiest kind of sex for both man and woman
ALTERATION :
Use plenty of lubricant to reduce the risk of tissue tears. Use
latex condom
30. 4: EARLY AGE SEX:
Starting sexual activity at a young age is also a risk factor.
The younger people are when they start having sex they
greater their risk of getting gentile herps
ALTERATION :
Avoid early age marriages and avoid to engage in such
activities in early age
5:INJECTED DRUGS:
Having sex with a partner who injects or has been ever
injected drugs which are harmful to health at a greater
risk
ALTERATION :
Avoid having sex with an injected drugs partner or use a
condom
31. Sexual Contact/Intercourse:
Sexual intercourse (or coitus or copulation) is
principally the insertion and thrusting of the penis
into the vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction,
or both.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases:
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are
infections that can be transmitted through sexual
contact with an infected individual. These are
also termed sexually transmitted infections or
STIs. STDs can be transmitted during vaginal or
other types of sexual intercourse including oral
and anal sex.
32. Genital herpes:
Genital herpes is a common sexually
transmitted infection caused by the herpes
simplex virus (HSV). Sexual contact is the
primary way that the virus spreads.Genital
herpes can cause pain, itching and sores in
your genital area. But you may have no signs
or symptoms of genital herpes. If infected,
you can be contagious even if you have no
visible sores.There's no cure for genital
herpes, but medications can ease symptoms
and reduce the risk of infecting others. 32
33. Gonorrhea:
Gonorrhea is an infection caused by a sexually transmitted bacterium
that can infect both males and females. Gonorrhea most often affects
the urethra, rectum or throat. In females, gonorrhea can also infect the
cervix.
Gonorrhea is most commonly spread during sex. But babies can be
infected during childbirth if their mothers are infected.
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34. Symptoms:
In many cases, gonorrhea infection causes no symptoms. When symptoms
do appear, gonorrhea infection can affect multiple sites in your body, but it
commonly appears in the genital tract.
Gonorrhea affecting the genital tract
Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in men include:
● Painful urination
● Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis
● Pain or swelling in one testicle 34
35. Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in women include:
● Increased vaginal discharge
● Painful urination
● Vaginal bleeding between periods, such as after vaginal intercourse
● Painful intercourse
● Abdominal or pelvic pain
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36. Genital warts:
Genital warts are contagious, fleshy growths in
the genital or anal area. They are one of the most
common types of sexually transmitted infection. They are
also known as venereal warts or condylomata
acuminata. They are caused by the human
papillomavirus (HPV), and they are a symptom of HPV.
AIDS:
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a
chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by
the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging
your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's
ability to fight the organisms that cause disease. HIV is a
sexually transmitted infection (STI).
37. Nursing Process of Gonorrhea
Assessment:
The nurse practitioner, interviews her. Ms. Davidson completes a thorough
medical and sexual history, including questions about her menstrual periods,
pain associated with urination or sexual intercourse, urinary frequency, most
recent Pap smear, birth control method, history of STI and drug use. She also
indicates that she is taking oral contraceptives.
Physical examination reveals both pharyngeal and cervical inflammation, and
lower abdominal tenderness. Her temperature is 98.5°F (37.0°C).There are no
signs or symptoms of pregnancy. The gynecologist orders a Pap smear and
cultures of the cervix, urethra, and pharynx to evaluate for gonorrhea and
chlamydial infection. Blood is drawn for WBC. Test results are positive for
gonorrhea and negative for chlamydia. The WBC is slightly elevated, indicating
possible salpingitis.
37
38. Diagnosis
1. Pain, related to the infectious process
2. Anxiety, related to fear about possible cancer
3. Situational low self-esteem, related to shame and guilt because of
having an STI
4. Ineffective sexuality patterns, related to the impaired relationship
and fear of reinfection
39. Planning and Implementation:
❖ Administer ceftriaxone IM as ordered.
❖ Emphasize the need for regular Pap smears and pelvic examinations
because of the family history of ovarian cancer.
❖ Discuss feelings and concerns about the diagnosis of gonorrhea.
Stress that such a diagnosis does not reflect on one’s self-worth as
a person.
❖ Teach how to talk with a future sexual partner about condom use.
40. Evaluation:
A week later during her follow-up visit, the client states that she is
feeling much better and sleeping well at night since the pain has
ended.
41. History:
Sara is a 26 years old school teacher. Ms. Sara is very close to her parents and
sisters; they share everything with each other. Ms. Sara tells her physician that
lately she has felt fatigued. She also states that she has had a persistent sore
throat, intermittent bouts of diarrhea, and mild shortness of breath for about a
month. She takes no routine medications other than a daily multivitamin and an
occasional Panadol tablet for a headache. She is active in a drama club in her
community, and she jogs 3 miles three to four times a week. She is married. Her
husband is the only person with whom she has had sexual relations. Her sexual
activity has been unprotected. Ms. Sara has a history of open heart surgery 7
years ago to correct a congenital valve defect. She has been physically healthy
since that time, until about a month or two ago.
Nursing Process of HIV
42. ASSESSMENT:
• Subjective:
“I have flulike symptoms but I have improved somewhat. I am not as active as
usual and I am worried about my health. My appetite has decreased because of
soreness in my mouth and I have noted some whitish patches on my tongue and
cheeks” as verbalized by patient.
Ms. Sara’s physical examination reveals that she has enlarged lymph nodes in her
neck and white patches on her oral mucosa. Her skin is warm to the touch.
• Objective:
Her vital signs are as follows:
T 99.9°F (37.7°C)
P 84
R 20
BP 120/78
43. DIAGNOSIS:
• Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to soreness
in mouth.
• Risk for Deficient fluid volume related to decreased fluid intake and
diarrhea.
• Risk for infection related to altered immune protection.
• Anxiety related to diagnosis and fear.
• Deficient Knowledge about the HIV disease process.
44. PLANNING:
• Short Term:
During my shift:
will encourage her to take nutritionally balanced diet and adequate fluid.
will encourage to perform oral care before and after meals.
will assess bowel sounds and monitor elimination pattern.
will use strict aseptic technique for all invasive procedures.
will give teaching related to disease.
45. • Long Term:
will monitor daily weight, intake and output.
will increase fluid to 2500 mL daily.
will teach Ms. Sara to avoid exposure to infection and people with
illnesses.
will encourage her to maintain regular physical exercise.
will provide appropriate and adequate information about HIV/AIDS.
will teach safer sex practices and other measures to prevent HIV
transmission.
will teach how to reduce anxiety through anxiety-controlling
techniques.
46. IMPLEMENTATION:
• Will give oral care before and after meals.
• Will give proper nutritionally balanced diet and adequate fluid.
• Will perform regular physical exercise.
• Will teach her about disease through presentation or verbal
communication.
• Will reduce anxiety through performing anxiety-controlling
techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation.
