M3 Corn Agronomy Trial Information

1. Field staff training Programme
Haryana
15 April 2009
Karnal

2. •Rice is a major source of food in India
•It is staple food for nearly 2/3 of Indian population
•Rice is the single largest crop in India with 42 million ha.
with a production of 88 Million tons (milled rice)
•Rice covers 22% of total cropped area with 39% of total
cereal acreages.
• Haryana contribute 61% total basmati rice produced in
India.
•Uttar Pradesh is having highestPaddy and hybrid of Rice
acreages in India
Rice -- Some Facts

3. Rice acreages in India
S No. STATE AREA % OF IRRIG. TO
('000 ha) TOTAL AREA
1 Uttar Pradesh 5939 64
2 West Bengal 5804 26
3 Madhya Pradesh 5305 24
4 Bihar 5081 41
5 Orissa 4409 37
6 Andhra Pradesh 4112 96
7 Punjab 2519 99
8 Assam 2460 21
9 Tamil Nadu 2384 93
10 Maharashtra 1477 28
11 Karnataka 1328 68
12 Haryana 1083 100
13 Gujarat 632 57
14 Kerala 460 55
15 Jammu & Kashmir 270 90
16 Rajasthan 168 35
17 Himachal Pradesh 85 61
18 Others 962 12
44478 51
ALL INDIA

4. • Crop Biology of Rice
• Packages of practices
• Insect Management
• Diseases Management
• Nutrient Deficiencies
• UPL product profile
• Q&A and Quiz
Topics to be covered

5. GROWTH STAGES
OF RICE PLANT

6. The growth of the rice plant is divided into three
phases:
1.Vegetative (germination to panicle initiation)
2. Reproductive (panicle initiation to flowering);
3. Ripening (flowering to mature grain)
Phases of Growth

7. a) Vegetative phase- seed germination to panicle
initiation
1. Seedling stage
2. Tillering stage
b) Reproductive phase - Panicle initiation to maturity
1. Booting
2. Panicle emergence
3. Flowering
4. Milky Stage
5. Dough Stage
6. Mature grain
Stages of growth

11. A 20 days old seedling is
ready for transplanting. It
has 5-6 leaves and rapidly
developing root system

12. Days to complete growth stages
Seedling stage---- 3-22 days
Tillering stage---22-40 days

21. Packages of
Practices

22. Planting Time and seed rate :
North India------------------ Mid May to end June
Seed Rate: -------------------- 6 Kg. per Acre
Seed Treatment ----------------- Organo mercurial's@ 2g/Kg seed
SAAF @2gm/Kg of seed

23. • Soak the seed in water solution for overnight.
• Incubate the seeds in warm moist condition for 36-48
hours or until it gets sprouted(pregermination).
• Wash the seed in clean water twice a day to avoid the
rotten smell.
• Seeds can be incubate in moist jute sacks.
• Sow pregerminated seeds uniformly on the seed beds
@ 1 kg /35 to 40 sq.meter area preferably during
evening hours.
PLANTING METHOD

24. Pre germinated seeds

25. Seedbed preparation
• Prepare nursery area thoroughly by repeated
ploughing, puddling and uniform leveling
•Prepare seedbeds of one meter width and of
convenient length
•Apply 250 kg. FYM, 1kg Nitrogen, 0.5 kg
Phosphorous, 0.5 kg Potash and0 .25Kg Zn for every
100 sq. meter area.

26. Main field preparation
• Prepare main field area thoroughly by repeated
ploughing, puddling and uniform leveling.
• Apply 15 tons of well decomposed FYM per
hectare.
• Apply 15 Kg Urea, 50 Kg DAP ,30 Kg MOP and 10
Kg Zinc per acre before transplanting.

27. •Transplant after 25 to 30 days depending on the
seedling growth(5-6 leaf stage)
•Plant only one seedling per hill
•Spacing between row is 20 cm and between plant is
15 cm(33 plants/sq m)
•Fill the gaps if any due to mortality of seedlings after
8 days of transplanting using the excess seedlings
Transplanting

28. Weed control-Apply SAATHI@ 80gm/Acre mixed
with 20 Kg sand within 2-3 days of transplanting.
There should be 2-3 cm standing water in the field.

29. •Water management: Maintain 2-3 cm level of water in the main
field for initial 15 days
•Drain the water for 1 or 2 days around 20th day
•Increase the water level thereafter to 4-5 cm till it reaches at
maximum tillering stage.
•Drain the water for 1 or 2 days around 40th day so as to suppress
the emergence of unproductive tillers.
•
•Increase the water level thereafter to 4-5 cm till maturity
•Drain out water completely 10 days before harvest.
Water Management for the crop

30. Fertilizer(Kg)
Time of Application Urea DAP MOP Zinc
Land prepration 15 50 30 10
3 weeks after
transplanting 35 - - -
6 weeks after
transplanting 35 - 10 -
Total 85 50 40 10
Fertilizer Schedule

31. Insect Pests of
Rice and
their management

32. •Female moths have bright yellowish
forewings
• Distinct black spot at the centre of the
forewings
• Brownish yellow tuft of hair at the tip of
abdomen
• Hind wings are straw coloured
Rice Stem Borer

33. •Eggs are laid in masses on leaf tips/upper half
• Eggs are covered with the light yellow
coloured hairs
• Newly hatched yellowish larvae move
downward
- wander around for a couple of hrs.
- hang down by silken threads
- blown to nearby clumps
- land on water, swim in search of plants
• New larvae feed on leaf and leaf sheath for a
few days

34. 1. Medium sized larvae bore into stem near the nodal
region
2. Older larvae feed inside the stem near the base of
the plant
3. Feeding cuts nutrient and water supply to growing
end - hence the symptoms
4. Pupation occurs inside the stem near the soil surface
or below the soil surface
5. Adults crawl out through exit holes cut by the larvae
before pupation - ENTRY HOLES NOT VISIBLE

35. SYMPTOMS
“DEAD HEARTS” IN YOUNG PLANTS - DRYING
OF THE CENTRAL SHOOTS
“WHITE EARS” IN OLDER PLANTS - DRYING
OF THE PANICLE
INJURY LEADS TO YIELD LOSS

36. Dead Heart
White ear
Control-Application of Kaardon 4G@8Kg/acre

37. Rice Leaf folder
Control-Kaardon
50SP @ 350-400
gm/Acre

38. •BPH is a serious pest of rice
•Three generations/crop
•Prefers older crop
•Nymphs and adults are wedge
shaped
•Both nymphs and adults such sap
from the basal portions of the
plants.
•Inject toxins during feeding
process.
•Premature yellowing of leaves,
leading to drying and later death
Brown Plant hopper

39. BPH
Nymphs and adult suck sap
from the tubes that carry food
(not water). Honey dew forms.
During feeding, BPH produce
feeding tubes that clog up the
vessels. Drying of plants
occur in isolated circular
patches causing hopper burn.
Hopper
burn
Control- Apply buprolord@330ml/acre

40. Green Hopper
Control-Apply Lancer gold@500gm/Acre
or Imidagold@75ml/acre

42. Important diseases of rice and their
management

43. Rice Blast
 Disease occurs in all growth stages of rice crop -
nursery to panicle and grain formation stage
 Blast is first noticed as minute brown specks on leaves
 Under low night temp. and high humidity, the spots
enlarge and become spindle shaped (pointed
at both ends).
 These have brown margins and grey centre
 Part or whole of the leaf will wither when these spots
merge with one another.
 The crop gives a blasted appearance when severely
infested in the seedling and tillering stages
 Leaf blast symptoms are seen in the nursery and during
early vegetative stage (up to 30 to 35 DAT)

44. Blast symptoms in nursery Leaf blast

45. Leaf Blast Symptoms

46. Neck blast
symptoms
Nodal Blast

47. Rice Blast
 Nodal infection results in rotting of the sheath
which turns black and breaks apart upon drying
 All parts above the infected node die
 Neck infection is the most serious phase of the disease
 Brown necrotic areas are seen on the neck
 Girdling of neck of the panicle causing entire panicle
to fall off
 Infection before milk stage results in unfilled/chaffy
 grains
 Later infection results in partial filling of grains; grain
 quality becomes bad
 Panicles fall over before grain maturation.

48. Rice Blast
Rice blast is spread from diseased to healthy plant
tissues by wind
Factors favouring blast occurrence -
-Moderate temperatures and abundant moisture
-High plant population density
-High nitrogen fertilization
-Irregular irrigation

49. Blast Disease Cycle
Control- Spray SAMAR 75WP@120gm/acre(Prophyllactic)

50. Sheath Blight of Rice
 Problematic where irrigation facilities are abundant
 Initial symptoms are seen near the water line
 Spots are ovoid - greenish grey in colour
 When mature, spots have an irregular outline
 Centre of the spots is greyish white, margins are
brown
 When several such spots are formed on leaf sheath,
death of whole leaf occurs
 It unchecked, this will lead to death of whole plant
 Similar symptoms will appear on leaf blade as well

51. Symptoms on
leaf sheath
Ash coloured
spots on leaf sheath
Symptoms of leaf
and sclerotia
Control- Spray Conquer @ 300-350 ml/acre

52. Sheath Blight of Rice
 Seedling infection starts 15-25 days after sowing
 Base of plant is attacked - seedlings die in patches
 In main field, disease is seen during active tillering
 Severe incidence during panicle emergence stage
 Crop loss could be as high as 50%
High levels of Nitrogen will contribute to disease

53. Bacterial Leaf Blight
Sticky
ooze from
lesions
Control- Apply
SAAF 400-500
gm/Acre along
with streptocycline
@ 6-12 gm/acre
in BLB prone
areas, reduce N
application and
apply N in 3 splits

54. Brown spot/Sesame leaf spot Bacterial leaf streak

55. False Smut
Coperoxecloride ( Blytox, copter,
copership) @ 0.25%/acre
SAAF @400-500gm/acre

56. Rice pest calendar
Stem Borer/Gall Midge SB
LF
5 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Echinocloa
Stem Borer/Gall Midge
Rice leaf blast
Days after
sowing /
Transplanting Nursery Main Field
Weeds (Grasses, BLW,
Sedges)
Leaf blast Sheath Blight
BPH
Panicle Blast

57. Safe Use of Pesticides
1. Do not transport pesticides along with food or animal feed
2. Store pesticides under lock and key, away from reach of
children
3. Carefully read the instructions given on labels, containers
and leaflets
4. Do not mix pesticide solution with bare hands, use paddle
or stick for preparing spray solution
5. Use funnel to fill spray tanks. This will avoid splashing
of spray solution on to body parts
6. Always spray in the direction of wind. Spray in morning
or evening hours
7. Use recommended safety clothing, or cover your mouth
with clean piece of cloth, wear full sleeves shirt and
trousers while spraying
8. Clean blocked nozzles with a thin needle - do not blow
into the nozzles with your mouth

58. When to Harvest
• Crops should be harvested at 20-25%
moisture content or when 80-85% of
the grains are straw colored and the
grains in the lower part of the panicle
are in the hard dough stage

59. Safe Use of Pesticides
9. Do not eat, smoke or chew tobacco while spraying
10. Destroy containers after use and bury away from
water sources
11. Remove contaminated clothes, wash it, and wash
your body thoroughly with soap and water
after spraying
12. Keep leaky containers in a separate corner. Cover
spilled area with sand or sawdust, scrape it and
dump the sand/sawdust in a pit away from source
of water.
13. Dispose off expired material carefully by burning
14. In case of accidental poisoning, rush immediately to
near by doctor/medical centre. Always carry the
pesticide container and/or leaflet with you when
you go to the doctor/medical centre

60. Stem borer-
Apply Kaardon 4G@ 8 Kg/acre. In main field spray Kinadon
@400-500ml/acre if attack is there.
BPH and WBPH-
Spray Lancergold @ 500gm/acre.
If brown hopper attack is more spray Buprolord @ 330ml/acre

61. Rice Blast-
Spray SAMAR 75WP @ 120 gm/Acre
Delayed topdressing of N when infection is seen
Sheath Blight-
Apply Conquer 50 WP @ 400ml/Acre
False smut-
Apply SAAF 400-500gm/Acre or Apply COC @ 250gm/acre
Bacterial leaf blight---
SAAF 400-500 gm/Acre along with Streptocycline @ 6-12 gm/acre
in BLB prone areas, reduce N application and apply N in 3 splits