The document is a teaching guide for introducing statistics to senior high school students. It begins with an introduction explaining how statistics is used in decision making. The lesson overview states that by the end, students should be able to identify statistical questions and describe the statistical process. Sample statistical questions are then provided and categorized as either having a definite answer or requiring data. The key aspects of a statistical process are outlined as planning data collection, verifying data quality, summarizing data, and using summaries to support decisions. An example of using the process to answer "Do dogs eat more than cats?" is described. Key points are recapped and an assessment with sample answers is provided to check student understanding.

1. Prepared by:
Samuel John
E. Parreño
Special
Science
Teacher I
SHS Padada
National High
School
INTRODUCING
STATISTICS

2. In decision making, we use statistics
although some of us may not be aware of
it. In this lesson, we make the students
realize that to decide logically, they need
to use statistics. An inquiry could be
answered or a problem could be solved
through the use of statistics. In fact,
without knowing it we use statistics in our
daily activities.
OVERVIEW OF THE LESSON

3. At the end of the lesson, the learner
should be able to:
identify questions that could be
answered using a statistical process
and describe the activities
involved in a statistical process.
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

4. By Group
(2)MOTIVATION

5.  How old is our teacher?
 Is the vehicle of the Mayor of our
city/town/municipality bigger than the vehicle used
by the President of the Philippines?
 How many days are there in December?
 Does the Principal of the school has a post graduate
degree?
 How much does the Barangay Captain receive as
allowance?
 What is the weight of my smallest classmate?
GROUP 1

6. How old are the people residing in our town?
Do dogs eat more than cats?
Does it rain more in our country than in
Thailand?
Do math teachers earn more than science
teachers?
How many books do my classmates usually
bring to school?
What is the proportion of Filipino children aged
0 to 5 years who are underweight or
overweight for their age?
GROUP 2

7. WHAT CAN YOU
OBSERVE FROM
THE TWO SET OF
QUESTIONS?

8. the first group of questions could be
answered by a piece of information
which is considered always true.
there is a correct answer which is based
on a fact and you don’t need the process
of inquiry to answer such kind of
question.
there is one and only one correct answer
to the questions.
FOR THE FIRST GROUP

9. the second group of questions needs
observations or data to be able to respond to
the question.
in some questions you need to get the
observations or responses of all those
concerned to be able to answer the question
it is not feasible to get the data from all (e.g.
“do dogs eat more than cats?” so you only
have to get a representative from both dogs
and cats)
FOR THE SECOND GROUP

10. As you can see in the second group of
questions you need more information or
data to be able to answer the question.
Either you need to get observations from
all those concerned or you get
representative groups from which you
gather your data. But in both cases, you
need data to be able to respond to the
question.

11. Using data to find an
answer or a solution to a
problem or an inquiry is
actually using the
STATISTICAL PROCESS or
doing it with STATISTICS.

12. as a Tool
in
Decision
Making
STATISTICS

13. it a science that studies data to be able to
make a decision. Hence, it is a tool in
decision-making process.
it a science that involves the methods of
collecting, processing, summarizing and
analyzing data in order to provide answers or
solutions to an inquiry.
One also needs to interpret and communicate
the results of the methods identified above to
support a decision that one makes when
faced with a problem or an inquiry.
WHAT IS STATISTICS?

14. characterize persons, objects, situations,
and phenomena;
explain relationships among variables;
formulate objective assessments and
comparisons; and, more importantly
make evidence-based decisions and
predictions.
STATISTICS ENABLE AS TO:

15. in
Solving a
Problem
STATISTICAL
PROCESS

16. DO DOGS
EAT MORE
THAN CATS?

17. There should be plan or a design on how to
collect the data so that the information we get
from it is enough or sufficient for us to minimize
any bias in responding to the query.
Since we cannot gather the data from all dogs
and cats. Hence, the plan is to get
representative group of dogs and another
representative group of cats. These
representative groups were observed for some
characteristics like the animal weight, amount
of food in grams eaten per day and breed of the
animal.
TO ANSWER INQUIRY:

18. Included in the plan are factors like how many
dogs and cats are included in the group, how to
select those included in the representative
groups and when to observe these animals for
their characteristics.
After the data were gathered, we must verify the
quality of the data to make a good decision. Data
quality check could be done as we process the
data to summarize the information extracted
from the data. Then using this information, one
can then make a decision or provide answers to
the problem or question at hand.
TO ANSWER INQUIRY:

19.  Planning or designing the collection of data to
answer statistical questions in a way that
maximizes information content and minimizes bias;
 Collecting the data as required in the plan;
 Verifying the quality of the data after they were
collected;
 Summarizing the information extracted from the
data; and
 Examining the summary statistics so that insight
and meaningful information can be produced to
support decision-making or solutions to the
question or problem at hand.
TO SUM IT UP! (THE STATISTICAL
PROCESS):

20. Hence, several activities make up a statistical
process which for some the process is simple
but for others it might be a little bit
complicated to implement.
Also, not all questions or problems could be
answered by a simple statistical process.
There are indeed problems that need complex
statistical process. However, one can be
assured that logical decisions or solutions
could be formulated using a statistical
process.

21. KEY POINTS BEING
DISCUSSED

22. Difference between questions that could
be and those that could not answered
using Statistics.
Statistics is a science that studies data.
There are many uses of Statistics but its
main use is in decision-making.
Logical decisions or solutions to a
problem could be attained through a
statistical process.
KEY POINTS

23. ¼ sheet of
paper
(Individual)
ASSESSMENT

24. a. What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
b. How many hours in a day?
c. How old is the oldest man residing in the Philippines?
d. Is planet Mars bigger than planet Earth?
e. What is the average wage rate in the country?
f. Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas rather than
apple?
g. How long did you sleep last night?
h. How much a newly-hired public school teacher in NCR
earns in a month?
i. How tall is a typical Filipino?
j. Did you eat your breakfast today
1. IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
ARE ANSWERABLE USING A STATISTICAL PROCESS.

25. ANSWERS

26. a. What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
(answerable through a statistical process)
b. How many hours in a day?
(not answerable through a statistical process)
c. How old is the oldest man residing in the
Philippines?
(answerable through a statistical process)
d. Is planet Mars bigger than planet Earth?
(not answerable through a statistical process)
e. What is the average wage rate in the country?
(answerable through a statistical process)
1. IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
ARE ANSWERABLE USING A STATISTICAL PROCESS.

27. f. Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas rather than
apple?
(answerable through a statistical process)
g. How long did you sleep last night?
(not answerable through a statistical process)
h. How much a newly-hired public school teacher in NCR
earns in a month?
(not answerable through a statistical process)
i. How tall is a typical Filipino?
(answerable through a statistical process)
j. Did you eat your breakfast today?
(not answerable through a statistical process)
1. IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
ARE ANSWERABLE USING A STATISTICAL PROCESS.

28. ½
crosswiseASSIGNMENT

29. What is a typical size of a Filipino
family?
How old is the oldest man residing in the
Philippines
What is the average wage rate in the
country?
Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas
rather than apple?
How tall is a typical Filipino?
DESCRIBE THE ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN
THE PROCESS.

30. What is a typical size of a Filipino family?
(The process includes getting a representative
group of Filipino families and ask the family
head as to how many members do they have
in their family. From the gathered data which
had undergone a quality check a typical value
of the number of family members could be
obtained. Such typical value represents a
possible answer to the question.)
SAMPLE ANSWER

31. ANSWERS

32. The process includes getting a
representative group of Filipino families
and ask the family head as to how many
members do they have in their family.
From the gathered data which had
undergone a quality check a typical value
of the number of family members could
be obtained. Such typical value represents
a possible answer to the question.
WHAT IS A TYPICAL SIZE OF A FILIPINO
FAMILY?

33. The process includes getting the
ages of all residents of the
country. From the gathered data
which had undergone a quality
check the highest value of age
could be obtained. Such value is
the answer to the question.
HOW OLD IS THE OLDEST MAN RESIDING
IN THE PHILIPPINES?

34. The process includes getting all
prevailing wage rates in the country.
From the gathered data which had
undergone a quality check a typical
value of the wage rate could be
obtained. Such value is the answer to
the question.
WHAT IS THE AVERAGE WAGE RATE IN
THE COUNTRY?

35. The process includes getting a representative
group of Filipinos and ask each one of them
on what fruit he/she prefers, banana or
apple? From the gathered data which had
undergone a quality check the proportion of
those who prefers banana and proportion of
those who prefer apple will be computed and
compared. The results of this comparison
could provide a possible answer to the
question.
WOULD FILIPINOS PREFER EATING
BANANAS RATHER THAN APPLE?

36. The process includes getting a
representative group of Filipinos and
measure the height of each member of
the representative group. From the
gathered data which had undergone a
quality check a typical value of the height
of a Filipino could be obtained. Such
typical value represents a possible answer
to the question.
HOW TALL IS A TYPICAL FILIPINO?

37.  Teaching Guide for Senior High School – Statistics and
Probability
REFERENCE