Positive Displacement Pump – Reciprocating Pump • Piston Pump • Diaphragm Pump – Rotary Pump • Gear pump • Vane pump • Lobe pump • Centrifugal Pump – Volute Pump (open or closed vanes) – Diffuser Pump (Turbine)

1. Pumps
Presented by
(Dr.) Mirza Salman Baig
Assistant Professor (Pharmaceutics)
AIKTC, School of Pharmacy,New Panvel
Affiliated to University of Mumbai (INDIA)

2. What is Pump?
"Pump is a mechanical device
use to increase pressure
energy of fluid."

3. CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
• Positive Displacement Pump
– Reciprocating Pump
• Piston Pump
• Diaphragm Pump
– Rotary Pump
• Gear pump
• Vane pump
• Lobe pump
• Centrifugal Pump
– Volute Pump (open or closed vanes)
– Diffuser Pump (Turbine)

4. Pumps
Positive
Displacement
Centrifugal
Reciprocating
Rotary
Piston Plunger Diaphram
Simplex Duplex
Single
Acting
Doubble
Acting
Vane Gear

5. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

6. Principle of Operation:
Check valves in the suction and discharge ports
allow flow in only one direction.
Section
Discharg
e

7. Positive displacement pumps physically entrap a
quantity of liquid at the suction of the pump and
push that quantity out the discharge of the pump.
A definite volume of liquid is delivered for each
cycle of pump operation.
The positive displacement pump delivers liquid in
separate volumes with no delivery in between,
Positive displacement pumps can be grouped into
three basic categories based on their design and
operation.

8. Reciprocating pumps:
Simplex and Duplex Pumps:
A simplex pump, sometimes referred to as a single
pump, is a pump having a one liquid cylinder.
A duplex pump is the pumps having two liquid
cylinders
A triplex pump is the pumps having three liquid
cylinders

9. Principle of Operation (Simplex):
During the discharge
stroke, the piston moves
to the right, seating the
check valve in the suction
line and opening the
check valve in the
discharge line.

10. Principle of Operation (Simplex):
During the suction stroke,
the piston moves to the
left, causing the check
valve in the suction line
between the reservoir
and the pump cylinder to
open and admit water
from the reservoir.
Vid

11. Principle of Operation:
The volume of liquid
moved by the pump in
one cycle (one suction
stroke and one discharge
stroke) is equal to the
change in the liquid
volume of the cylinder as
the piston moves from its
farthest left position to its
farthest right position.
Piston pump vid

12. Reciprocating pumps:
Direct-Acting and Indirect-Acting Pumps:
Indirect-acting pumps
are driven by means of a
beam or linkage
connected to and
actuated by the power
piston rod of a separate
reciprocating engine.

13. Reciprocating pumps:
Duplex Pumps:
The driving of the pistons of a duplex pump is
arranged in such a manner that when one piston is
on its upstroke the other piston is on its down stroke,
and vice versa.
This arrangement doubles the capacity of the
duplex pump compared to a simplex pump of
comparable design.

14. Reciprocating pumps:
Duplex Pump

15. Reciprocating pumps:
Single-Acting and Double-Acting Pumps:
A single-acting pump is one that takes a suction,
filling the pump cylinder on the stroke in only one
direction, called the suction stroke, and then forces
the liquid out of the cylinder on the return stroke,
called the discharge stroke.
A double-acting pump is one that, as it fills one end
of the liquid cylinder, there is discharging liquid from
the other end of the cylinder.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

16. Reciprocating pumps:
Single-Acting and Double-Acting Pumps:
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

17. Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
A tight-fitting piston in a closed cylinder or a loose-
fitting plunger acting as a displacer are familiar
versions of the common reciprocating pump.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

18. Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
• Capable of almost any pressure, and of large
flow capacity.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
• The ability to develop high pressures in a single
stage.
• Slow speed operation

19. Reciprocating pumps:
Diaphragm Pump:
Fluid is transferred by the pressure of a diaphragm
that flexes to form a cavity that is filled by liquid.
•Transfers virtually any liquid.
•Designs can handle high temperatures.
•Designs can handle high temperatures.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

20. Reciprocating pumps:
Diaphragm Pump:
•Is infinitely adjustable in capacity and discharge
pressure by regulating the movement of the
diaphragm.
•Can be flexed by either an air supply or a
reciprocating plunger.
•Is used for pumping chemicals, glue, ink, solvents,
fat, grease, and dirty water.
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

22. Rotary Pumps

23. Rotary Pumps
• Gear Pump
• Lobe Pump
• Vane Pump

24. Gear Pump

25. Construction
• It consist of two gears , mesh each
other and run in close contact with
casing.
• Slug of liquid are cought between
and gear teeth and casing, forced out
through discharge tube (outlet)

26. Working
1.Liquid flows into the cavity and is
trapped by the gear teeth as they
rotate.
2. Liquid travels around the interior of
the casing in the pockets between
the teeth and the casing.
3.Finally, gears forces liquid through
the outlet port under pressure.

28. •Gear pumps are positive displacement
(or fixed displacement), meaning they
pump a constant amount of fluid for
each revolution.
•It is suitable for viscous liquid.
•Vid.

29. Advantages:
•High speed
•High pressure
•Useful for semisolid and viscous
liquids
•No fluctuations
•Discharge pressure is irrespective of
inlet pressure

30. Advantages:
• Only two moving parts
•Only one stuffing box
•Non-pulsating discharge
•Excellent for high-viscosity liquids
•Constant and even discharge
regardless of pressure conditions

31. Disadvantages:
•Damage to pump may occur if
discharge is blocked
•Usually requires moderate speeds
•Medium pressure limitations

32. Applications:
Common gear pump applications
include, but are not limited to:
•All varieties of fuel oil, Tar and lube
oil
•Resins and Polymers
•Alcohols and solvents

33. Centrifugal Pumps

34. Centrifugal Pumps
From the Center
of a Circle
RADIAL DIRECTION
To the Outside of a Circle
A machine for moving fluid by accelerating the
fluid RADIALLY outward.

35. Centrifugal Pumps
• A collection chamber in the casing
converts much of the Kinetic Energy into
Head or Pressure.

36. Pump
Terminology

37. Types
• Volute (volute casing)
– Liquid is thrown in volute, this result in
decrease in velocity and increase in
pressure head.
– Subtypes
• Open impeller &
• Close impeller.
• Turbine (Diffusion casing equiped
with vane)

38. Volute Pump

39. Diameter of
the Impeller
Thickness
of the impeller
Centrifugal Impellers
• Thicker the Impeller- More Water
• Larger the DIAMETER - More Pressure
• Increase the Speed - More Water and
Pressure
Impeller
Vanes
“Eye of
the
Impeller”
Water
Entrance

40. Open, Semi open and
Close impellers

41. Volute casing &
Vane diffuser

42. • This machine consists of an
IMPELLER rotating within a case
(diffuser)
• Liquid directed into the
center of the rotating
impeller is picked up by
the impeller’s vanes and
accelerated to a higher velocity
by the rotation of the impeller
and discharged by centrifugal
force into the case (diffuser).
Centrifugal Pumps

43. Cavitation
• When liquid enters the eye of impeller its
velocity is increased hence (by Bernoulli's
therom) its pressure decreased.
• This reduction in pressure result in
vapourization of liquid..it is known as
cavitation.
– It causes reduction in pump capicity and
– It may cause hammering due to collapse of
vapour bubble... and damage impellers.
• Vid

44. • Head is a term for expressing feet of water
column which can be converted to pressure
"Head"
100
feet
43.3 PSI
Reservoir
of Fluid
Pressure
Gauge

45. Head
• Head and pressure are interchangeable
terms provided that they are expressed in
their correct units.
• The conversion of all pressure terms into
units of equivalent head simplifies most
pump calculations.
• Vid

46. Reciprocating
• For higher heads
• High maintenance
cost
• Pulsation of
discharge
• Suction may be less
than atmospheric
pressure.
• More flexible
Centrifugal
• For low heads
• Economical
• Uniform discharge
• It do not require
valve in its
construction

47. Thank you