written by Engr Abdullah

1. Pump
A device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical
action is called Pump.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and
consume energy to perform mechanical work moving the fluid. Pumps operate via
many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind
power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large
industrial pumps.
TypesOf Pumps
There is a lot of types of Pumps ,But here I discuss some important
types which is economically efficient.
Positive DisplacementPump
A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and
forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe.
Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction side and
a
decreasing cavity on the discharge side. Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on
the suction side expands and the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity
collapses. The volume is constant through each cycle of operation.
Schematic
RECIPROCATING PUMPS.
Piston pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps are examples of reciprocating
pumps.

2. Piston pump
A piston pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure seal
reciprocates with the piston. Piston pumps can be used to move liquids or compress
gases. They can operate over a wide range of pressures. High pressure operation
can be achieved without a strong effect on flow rate.
Working principle
Piston pumps use a mechanism (typically rotational) to create a reciprocating
motion along an axis, which then builds pressure in a cylinder or working barrel to
force gas or fluid through the pump. The pressure in the chamber actuates the
valves at both the suction and discharge points.
Plunger pump
A plunger pump is a type of positive displacement pump where the high-pressure
seal is stationary and a smooth cylindrical plunger slides through the seal. This
makes them different from piston pumps and allows them to be used at higher
pressures
Working principle
The plunger then moves forward. The plunger displaces the available volume
through its own volume and increases the pressure of the fluid to be pumped. The
suction valve closes and the pressure valve opens the way into the process area for
the pressurized fluid.
Schematic

3. Diaphragm pump
A diaphragm pump (also known as a Membrane pump) is a positive displacement
pump that uses a combination of the reciprocating action of
a rubber, thermoplastic or teflon diaphragm and suitable valves on either side of the
diaphragm (check valve, butterfly valves, flap valves, or any other form of shut-off
valves) to pump a fluid.
Working principle
The Diaphragm Pump Working Principle is as simple as two valves opening and
closing using air pressure to force a piston back and forth, or as complicated as
delicately balanced vanes that are revolved by the air. The use of an air motor on
this type of pump allows it to be used in more than one application.
Schematic
ROTARY PUMPS.

4. A wide variety of rotary positive-displacementpumps is available. They bear
such names as gear pumps, lobe pumps, screw pumps, cam pumps, and vane
pumps.
Gear pump
A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are
one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power applications. The
gear pump was invented around 1600 by Johannes Kepler. Gear pumps are also
widely used in chemical installations to pump high viscosity fluids.
Working principle
The gear pump working principle is, it uses the gears actions otherwise rotating
actions to move liquids. The rotating part extends the seal of liquid by the pump case
to create suction at the inlet of the pump. Liquid drawn into the pump can be
included in the rotating gears cavities and moved to the expulsion.
Schematic
Centrifugal Pumps
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means of
the transfer of rotational energy from one or more driven rotors, called impellers.
Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is cast out
by centrifugal force along its circumference through the impeller's vane tips.

5. Working Principle
A centrifuge is a piece of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed
axis (spins it in a circle), applying a force perpendicular to the axis of spin (outward)
that can be very strong. The centrifuge works using the sedimentation principle,
where the centrifugal acceleration causes denser substances and particles to move
outward in the radial direction. At the same time, objects that are less dense are
displaced and move to the center. In a laboratory centrifuge that uses sample tubes,
the radial acceleration causes denser particles to settle to the bottom of the tube,
while low-density substances rise to the top.
Schematic
Turbine pump
Turbine pumps are special types of centrifugal pumps which use turbine-like
impellers with radially oriented teeth to move fluid. They are also referred to as
vortex, periphery, or regenerative pumps. These pumps combine the high discharge
pressures of positive displacement or multi-stage centrifugal pumps with the flexible
operation of centrifugal pumps. Additionally, the flow rate of turbine pumps is not
extremely variable with large changes in pressure like in most centrifugal pumps.
They are preferred in applications where high head, low flow, and compact design
are desired, such as in deep-well pumping.

6. Schematic