The document discusses different types of pumps including centrifugal pumps, jet pumps, positive displacement pumps, reciprocating pumps, plunger pumps, and diaphragm pumps. Centrifugal pumps use a rotating impeller to increase pressure and flow rate, while positive displacement pumps trap a fixed amount of fluid and force it into the discharge system. Reciprocating pumps use pistons moving back and forth in a cylinder. Plunger pumps have a reciprocating plunger in a cylinder, while diaphragm pumps use a flexing diaphragm to change the volume of the pumping chamber.

1. BY:-ARYAN CHAURASIA
COLLEGE:-RAJA BALWANT SINGH TECHNICAL CAMPUS,
AGRA

3. A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating
impeller to increase the pressure and flow rate of a fluid.
Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump used to
move liquids through a piping system.
The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating
axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward or
axially into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits into the
downstream piping system.
Centrifugal pumps are typically used for large discharge through
smaller heads.
Centrifugal pumps are most often associated with the radial flow
type. However, the term "centrifugal pump" can be used to describe
all impeller type rotodynamic pumps including the radial, axial and
mixed flow variations.
Centrifugal pump

5. Basically the pump pushes a high pressure stream down to the
bottom of the well where the Jet assembly is.
The jet assembly takes the high pressure water and points it
straight up in a nozzle that is open to the water that is already at
the bottom of the well.
Water flowing through the nozzle creates a low pressure area just
outside the nozzle.
Water flows into this area and gets pushed by the jet to the top of
the well where some of that water is recycled back to the jet again.
Of course the output pressure of the pump is lower than the
nozzle pressure.
Most of this thrust is generated simply by shoving water out the
back at high velocity.
Jet pump

7. A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed
amount of the fluid and forcing (displacing) that trapped volume into a
discharge pipe or discharge system.
Some positive displacement pumps use an expanding cavity on the suction
side and a decreasing cavity on the discharge side.
 Liquid flows into the pump as the cavity on the suction side expands and
the liquid flows out of the discharge as the cavity collapses.
The volume remains constant through each cycle of pump operation.
Positive Displacement pumps do not use impellers, but rely on rotating or
reciprocating parts to directly push the liquid in an enclosed cavity, until
enough pressure is built up to move the liquid into the discharge system.
The pump does not rely on raising the velocity of the fluid as the centrifugal
pump does by moving the liquid through the impeller.
Consequently, the fluid velocity inside a positive displacement pump is much
lower than that of a centrifugal pump.
Positive Displacement Pumps

9. Components of Reciprocating Pump
Reciprocating Pump
The main components of reciprocating pump are as follows:
1. Suction Pipe
2. Suction Valve
3. Delivery Pipe
4. Delivery Valve
5. Cylinder
6. Piston and Piston Rod
7. Crank and Connecting Rod
8. Strainer
9. Air Vessel

10. 1. Suction Pipe
Suction pipe connects the source of liquid to the cylinder of the reciprocating
pump. The liquid is suck by this pipe from the source to the cylinder.
2. Suction Valve
Suction valve is non-return valve which means only one directional flow is
possible in this type of valve. This is placed between suction pipe inlet and
cylinder. During suction of liquid it is opened and during discharge it is
closed.
3. Delivery Pipe
Delivery pipe connects cylinder of pump to the outlet source. The liquid is
delivered to desired outlet location through this pipe.
4. Delivery Valve
Delivery valve also non-return valve placed between cylinder and delivery pipe
outlet. It is in closed position during suction and in opened position during
discharging of liquid.
5. Cylinder
A hollow cylinder made of steel alloy or cast iron. Arrangement of piston and
piston rod is inside this cylinder. Suction and release of liquid is takes place in
this so, both suction and delivery pipes along with valves are connected to this
cylinder.

11. 6. Piston and Piston Rod
Piston is a solid type cylinder part which moves backward and forward inside
the hollow cylinder to perform suction and deliverance of liquid. Piston rod
helps the piston to its linear motion
7. Crank and Connecting Rod
Crank is a solid circular disc which is connected to power source like motor,
engine etc. for its rotation. Connecting rod connects the crank to the piston as
a result the rotational motion of crank gets converted into linear motion of the
piston
8. Strainer
Strainer is provided at the end of suction pipe to prevent the entrance of solids
from water source into the cylinder.
9. Air Vessel
Air vessels are connected to both suction and delivery pipes to eliminate the
frictional head and to give uniform discharge rate.

12. The working of reciprocating pump is as follows:
When the power source is connected to crank, the crank will start rotating and
connecting rod also displaced along with crank.
The piston connected to the connecting rod will move in linear direction.
If crank moves outwards then the piston moves towards its right and create
vacuum in the cylinder.
This vacuum causes suction valve to open and liquid from the source is
forcibly sucked by the suction pipe into the cylinder.
When the crank moves inwards or towards the cylinder, the piston will move
towards its left and compresses the liquid in the cylinder.
Now, the pressure makes the delivery valve to open and liquid will discharge
through delivery pipe.
When piston reaches its extreme left position whole liquid present in the
cylinder is delivered through delivery valve.
Then again the crank rotate outwards and piston moves right to create suction
and the whole process is repeated.
Working of Reciprocating Pump

14. A plunger pump consists of a cylinder with a reciprocating plunger in it.
The suction and discharge valves are mounted in the head of the cylinder. In
the suction stroke the plunger retracts and the suction valves open causing
suction of fluid into the cylinder.
In the forward stroke the plunger pushes the liquid out of the discharge valve.
With only one cylinder the fluid flow varies between maximum flow when the
plunger moves through the middle positions, and zero flow when the plunger is
at the end positions.
 A lot of energy is wasted when the fluid is accelerated in the piping system.
Vibration and "water hammer" may be a serious problem.
In general the problems are compensated for by using two or more cylinders
not working in phase with each other.
In diaphragm pumps, the plunger pressurizes hydraulic oil which is used to
flex a diaphragm in the pumping cylinder.
 Diaphragm valves are used to pump hazardous and toxic fluids
Plunger pump

16. A diaphragm pump (also known as a Membrane pump) is a
positive displacement pump
Those in which the diaphragm is sealed with one side in the fluid to be
pumped, and the other in air or hydraulic fluid. The diaphragm is
flexed, causing the volume of the pump chamber to increase and
decrease. A pair of non-return check valves prevent reverse flow of the
fluid.
Those employing volumetric positive displacement where the prime
mover of the diaphragm is electro-mechanical, working through a crank
or geared motor drive, or purely mechanical, such as with a lever or
handle. This method flexes the diaphragm through simple mechanical
action, and one side of the diaphragm is open to air.
Those employing one or more unsealed diaphragms with the fluid to be
pumped on both sides. The diaphragm(s) again are flexed, causing the
volume to change.
Diaphragm pump

17. When the volume of a chamber of either type of pump is
increased (the diaphragm moving up), the pressure
decreases, and fluid is drawn into the chamber. When the
chamber pressure later increases from decreased volume
(the diaphragm moving down), the fluid previously drawn in
is forced out. Finally, the diaphragm moving up once again
draws fluid into the chamber, completing the cycle. This
action is similar to that of the cylinder in an internal
combustion engine. Diaphragm Pumps deliver a hermetic
seal between the drive mechanism and the compression
chamber, allowing the pump to transfer, compress, and
evacuate the medium without a lubricant.