Definition. Purpose Of Counseling. Types Of Counseling. Qualities Of Counselor. Guidelines Of Effective Counseling. Skills Of Counselor. Phases Of Counseling. GATHER Approach. Counseling VS Health Education. Conclusion.

2. COUNSELLING TO THE PARENTS &
FAMILY
PRESENTATOR
Ms. Sakun Rasaily
PAEDIATRIC WARD
BPKIHS

3. PRESENTATION OUTLINES.
 Definition.
 Purpose Of Counseling.
 Types Of Counseling.
 Qualities Of Counselor.
 Guidelines Of Effective Counseling.
 Skills Of Counselor.
 Phases Of Counseling.
 GATHER Approach.
 Counseling VS Health Education.
 Conclusion.

5. DEFINATION
• Counselling is face to face communication by
which you help the person to make decision or
solve a problem and act on them.
• Counselling is a helping process aimed at-
problem solving.
• Counselling – done with individual , group or
with couple.

6. • specific to the need , issue and circumstances of each
individual client.
• Interactive , mutually respectful collarabarative process.
• Goal directed .
• Acceptable to social and cultural context.
• Bring changes in attitude.

7. PURPOSE OF COUNSELLING
People tend to assume the existence of links between discrete
arguments,
such as linking a child’s disease symptoms to vaccine side-
effects.
Those who opt against vaccination display confirmation bias
when exploring their decisions.
There is also a tendency to pay greater attention to the
consequences of action rather than inaction.
A general preference for lower-risk options may see parents who
trust
vaccination efficacy hesitate on the issue of adverse reactions,
this tension could lead to cognitive dissonance.

8. The details of vaccination could induce cognitive load,
which has the potential to confound decision making and
associated reasoning processes.
There is also a tendency to prefer options that maintain
the status quo.
Those who have limited experience of the disease to
which the vaccination relates may find it hard to identify
with the benefits and seek options that are consistent with
their own prior experiences
CONT.........

12. QUALITIES OF COUNSELLOR
• Genuineness
• Listening
• Unconditional positive regard
• Believing in client
• Make client aware of various alternatives available and explain
advantage and disadvantage and implication
• Recognize your own limitations.
• Patience
• Donot block free expression of feelings
• Non-judgemental
• Knowledgeable.

13. GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE
COUNSELLING

15. SKILLS OF COUNSELLOR
STEP 1 - BE PREPARED

16. STEP 2 - LISTENING

19. • According to communication expert:-
 10 % of our communication represented by words.
 30 % are represented by sounds we make (by
mimimumverbal)
 60 % are represented by body language ( eg- eye
contact body posture etc.)
 Once counsellor recognize client’s feeling let him/her
know in clear and simple words that he understood.
This is know as “reflecting feeling”.

20. STEP 3 - GUIDING DESCISION THROUGH
APPROPRIATE MASSAGE

22. STEP 4 - MAKE A PLAN TOGETHER WITH
YOUR PATIENT

23. STEP 5 - QUESTIONING
• Ask the question to understand clearly the client problem
or worries to help the client go deeper into his/her own
awareness or insight.
• Question- centered around the concerns of client
and open ended.

24. S.No. Open ended
Questions
Closed ended Question Leading Question
1. Response more than
one
Limits the response of
client
in one word answer
Unknowingly
suggests
answer to the client
2. Invites the client to
continue talking
and helps in what
direction
counsellor wants to
take conversation
Did not give
opportunity to think
about what they are
saying
Questions are
usually
judgemental.
3. Simple yes/no cannot
answer the question
Answer- very brief
and do not provide
much information

25. • REMEMBER WHILW QUESTIONING
 Ask one question at a time.
 Look at one person
 Be brief and clear
 Ask question that serve for purpose
 Use question that enables clients to talk about their
feelings and behaviours.
 Use question to explore and understand issues.
 DONOT ASK
 Irrevalent question.
 Too many question at one time.

26. STEP 6 - USING SILENCE
 Give time to the client to think about what to say next.
 Provide space to experience feeling.
 Allows client to proceed at their PACE.
 Give the client freedom to choose whether or not to
continue.

27. STEP 7 - NON-VERBAL BEHAVIOUR
 It is not what you say but how you say is important.
 Person body language is not similar to what they are
saying, it results in verbal confusion/mis-interpretation.
 Examples :-gestures, facial expression, posture, eye
contact,tapping fingers, change in voice pitch and fluency
of voice.

28. STEP8 - ACCURATE EMPATHY
 Empathy means- recognition and understanding of
clients thoughts and emotions.
 It is characterized by ability to put oneself into another's
shoes i.e experience the view point of another within
oneself.

29. PHASES OF COUNCELLING
 1. Rapport-building
 2.Assessment and analysis of the problem
 3. Provision of ongoing supportive counselling
 4. Goal setting.
 5. Counselling intervention
 6. Termination and follow-up

30. 1. RAPPORT BUILDING
 Establishing a rapport by being genuine and extend warm welcome
to the client .
 Give introduction and orient the client.
 Assure confidentiality of the issue.
 Facilitated by good atmosphere, adequate privacy, seating
arrangement and establishing eye contact with the client .

31. 2. ASSESSMENT & ANALYSIS OF THE
PROBLEM
 Defining and focusing specially on the problem.
 Identifying and assessing the gravity of the client’s problem.
 Assessing the impact of the problem on the client’s life.
 Exploring the resources and support available to the client.

32. 3. PROVISION OF ONGOING SUPPORTIVE
COUNCELLING
• Informing HIV-positive persons about the risks of
developing tuberculosis (TB) disease.
• Educating HIV-positive persons about the
symptoms and signs of TB
• Tell the importance of sputum examination in the
diagnosis of TB.
• DPT vaccine may cause seizure if febrile more.

33. 4. GOAL SETTING
 Examples :- pretest counselling of
vaccine .
 To get the test done.
 If not undergone test, encourage them and ask them to
come when they are prepared.
 Prepare the client for any type of test
result i.e negative/positive.
.

34. 5. COUNCELLING INTERVENTION
Key factors during post test counselling:-
 Cross check the result with the client .
 Provide result to the client in person.
 Ask the client to summarize what was discussed last time.

35. 6 . TERMINATION & FOLLOW - UP
 Ask the client to come with his/her partner.
 Counsel their family members to accept them as a
part of family member and help them to live
comfortable life.
 Knowledge of vaccine and vaccination test results
identifies not just one infected person.

36. GATHER APPROACH IN
COUNCELLING [ABHIBADAN]
 G = Greet client in a friendly, helpful, and respectful
manner.
• A= Ask client about needs, concerns, and previous use
records events regarding vaccine & vaccination.
• T = Tell client about different vaccine & vaccination
• procedure EPI schedule etc.
• H = Help client to make decision about complete vaccine.
• E = Explain to client how to use all vaccine to the child.
• R = Return: Schedule and carry out return visit and
follow-up of client.

37. GREET
 Welcome to the parents & child.
 Prepare chart/record regarding all vaccine.
 Determine purpose of visit.
 Give clients full attention.
 Assure the client that all information discussed will be
confidential.
 Talk in a private place if possible.

38. ASK
 Ask client about her/his needs.
 Write down the client's: age, sex, adress, any allergy factors,
 Any complicated medical history,any chronic illness, etc.
 Ask the client if there is a particular adverse effect regarding to
previous vaccine.
 Discuss any client concerns about risks vs. benefits of vaccine &
vaccination to the child.

39. TELL
 Tell the client about the available vaccine.
 Describe how works by vaccine , the advantages,
benefits, possible side effects, and disadvantages.
 Answer client concerns and questions.

40. HELP
 Help the client to choose EPI schedule.
 Repeat information if necessary.
 Explain any procedures or lab tests to be performed
before or after vaccination.

41. EXPLAIN
 Explain how to take vaccine ? (how, when, where).
 Explain to the client how and when she can should
get resupplies of the vaccine , if necessary.

42. RETURN
 At the follow-up or return visit ask the client about any
side effects or complication regarding to vaccination.
 If the answer is yes, ask her/him if she is
experiencing any problems or side effects and
answer her/his questions, solve any problems, if
possible.
 Make sure she is caring the child properly and will
complete the EPI schedule.

43. COUNSELLING VIDEO

44. COUNCELLING VS HEALTH EDUCATION
Counselling Health education
1. Confidential Not confidential
2. One to one process or a small
group.
For a group of people
3. Focused, specific and goal directed Generalized
4. Facilitates change in attitude and
motivates behavior change
Information is provided to
increase
the knowledge
5. Problem oriented Content oriented
6. Based on needs of client Based on public health needs.

45. CONCLUSION
• Counselling is a process and not merely a technique
through which clients are helped to modify their
behaviour and cope with their status effectively.
 Counselling is not
• Telling or directing
• Giving advice
• Acasual concern
• Aconfession
• Praying

46. REFERENCES
1.https://www.google.com/search?q=counselling+ppt+free+down
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hrome.0.69i59l2j69i57j35i39j0j0i22i30l5.6017j0j15&sourceid=chro
me&ie=UTF-8
2. A text book of community health nursing.
BINDA GHIMIRE.
3. COMMUNITY & PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
K. PARK
4. FAMILY PLANNING COUNSELLING SCHOLAR ARTICLES
2015.
5. https://www.slideshare.net/draditi7in7/counselling-50117833