Globally each year natural disasters kill thousands of people and inflict billions of dollars in economic losses. No nation or community is immune to their damage. The World Health Organization estimates that between 1964 and 1983 natural disaster throughout the world killed nearly 2.5 million people and left an additional 750 million injured, homeless or otherwise harmed. In recent decades, the world has faced an increasing number of natural and man-made disasters. Such disasters include tsunamis, earthquakes, the current ongoing financial crisis, terrorism, riots, and wars. These disasters generate tremendous social and economic costs, especially for the poor in low income economies. Bangladesh is the most vulnerable to climate change, as well as one of the most disasters prone countries in the world. Bangladesh’s flat topography, law-lying and climate features, combined with its population density and socio-economic environment, make it highly susceptible to many natural hazards, including flats, drought, cyclones and earthquakes. In Bangladesh perspective, more than 80% of the population is potentially exposed to floods, earthquakes and drought, and more than 70% to cyclones. Severe flooding occur every 4-5 years covers 60% of end mass. During time of crisis, the media is an integral part of the disaster risk management process. UNESCO works actively to build the capacities of media during emergency and disaster situations and to lead the global debate on what their overall response should be. Bangladesh has made significant efforts to reduce its disaster vulnerability and is today considered a global leader in costal resilience due to its significant long-term investment in protecting lives.

1. Group : 2
ID : 1319021-40
Mass Communication & Journalism
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Presenters
1. Md. Sajjat Hossain
2. Md. Maksudur Rahman
3. Munni Akter

3. Disaster:
Disaster is a natural and man-made hazard where an unexpected and calamitous
event occurred that seriously destroy a community’s or society’s human life &
property.
Media:
Media refers to the communication channels through which we disseminate various
kinds of information as news, music, movies, education, promotional message and
other data.

4. Types of Disaster
Natural
Earthquake
Volcanic
Eruption
Tsunami
Flood
Landslide
Droughts
Cyclone
Man-Made
Terrorist
attack
Chemical
Threat
Nuclear
accident
Bilogical
Threat
Fire
Transport
accident

5. Earthquake:
 Occurs with no warning
 Sudden onset
 Major effects arise mainly from land
movement, fracture or slippage.
 Loss the life and destroy the property.
Flood:
 Long, short or no warning, depending
on type of flood
 Speed of onset may be gradual or
sudden
 There may be seasonal patterns to
flooding
 Major effects arise mainly from river
erosion
 Loss the life and destroy the property.
Tsunami:
 Velocity of the wave depends on the
depth of water where the seismic
disturbance occurs; may be as high as
900 kph
 Warning time depends on distance from
point of wave origin
 Speed of onset varies
 Wave heights can be as high as 30
meters
 Loss the life and destroy the property.

6. Landslide:
 Warning period may vary.
 Speed of onset is mostly rapid
 Damage to structures and systems.
 Rivers may be blocked, causing
flooding
 Loss the life and destroy the property.
Transport Accident:
 directly caused by the driving of a
motor car or motor vehicle, a railway
train or a tram.
 Loss the life and destroy the property.
Terrorist Attack:
 Occur with declare or sudden
 Violence against persons or property
 violation of the criminal laws.
Fire:
 Fires can start in many different ways
 Loss the life and destroy the property.

7. Types of
Media
Traditional
media
Broadcast
Television Radio
print
Newspaper Magazine Book
New Media
Social Media
Facebook Twitter
Youtube
etc.
Inter-
net
Mobile
phone

8. Bangladesh has a long history of natural disasters. Between 1980 and 2018, it
experienced 219 natural disasters.
Leaving a total death toll of approximately 200,000 people and causing economic
loss worth nearly $17 billion. Every year, we incurred 1.8 percent of GDP loss due
to natural disaster. It is estimated that 14 percent of our GDP is exposed to
disasters.
The geographical location, land characteristics, multiplicity of rivers and the
monsoon climate render Bangladesh highly vulnerable to natural hazards.

9. Majors Hazards Year Disaster Death
Flood 1970 Cyclone 300000
Tropical Cyclone 1988 Flood 2373
Strom Surge 1988 Cyclone 5704
Tornado 1991 Cyclone 138868
River Bank erosion 1996 Tornado 545
Drought 1997 Cyclone 550
Earthquake 2004 Flood 747
Arsenic 2007 Flood 1071
Cyclone 2007 Cyclone(sidr) 3046
Cyclone 2009 Cyclone(aila) 190
Cyclone 2013 Cyclone(mohasen) 17
Cyclone 2015 Cyclone(komen) 39
Cyclone 2016 Cyclone(roanu) 26
Data source: Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) and
Banglapedia

10. Top 10 Countries by Total Death Toll
(2018):
Serial No. Country Total Death Toll
1 Indonesia 4,535
2 India 1,388
3 Guatemala 427
4 Japan 419
5 China 341
6 Nigeria 300
7 United States of
America
298
8 Pakistan 240
9 Korea DPR 237
10 Philippines 221
Data source: 2018 REVIEW OF DISASTER EVENTS. Center for Research on the
Epidemiology of Disasters.

11. Negative
Impact of
Disaster
Loss of
Life
Physical
impact
Health
impact
Property
damage
Social
Economi
c
Disrupti
on
Environ-
mental
Damage
Agricult
u-ral
impact
Infrast-
ructural
damage
Physio-
logical
effects on
people
Impact
on costal
area
Salinity
intrusion
Impact
of
forests
Educa-
tion
Impact
on
fisheries

12. Media plays a vital role in our day-to-day life. It is the most commonly used
communication system during crisis period using print based and web based
technologies.
During any disaster situation, media act as a useful medium focusing on various
aspects which require quick response. Media plays a vital role at pre disaster
scenario by warning the public in advance and mitigation.
Generally media can play its role on disaster in three ways, such as:
 Before disaster
 During disaster and
 After disaster

13.  Forecasting about disaster
 Early warning system
 Mapping hazard
 Mapping crowed intensity at public place
Role of media on during disaster:
 Sharing updates and spreading awareness of the condition
 Creating communities and volunteers for relief operation
Role of media after disaster:
 Fund raising
 Monitoring and providing insights of the whole situation
 Quick response and rescue, fund raising through pay tm
 For collecting relief and distributing

14. We tried to analyze 12 month national daily (Prothom Alo) for show the media role in
disaster. By using systematic random sampling We analyze every Saturday in January,
Sunday in February, Monday in March, Tuesday in April, Wednesday in May, Thursday in
June, Friday in July, Saturday in August, Sunday in September, Monday in October,
Tuesday in November and Wednesday in December. The total number of sample was 52.
Frequency of total news, disaster related news (natural &
man made):
Total
News,
409
disaster
reletated
News, 7
Naturul
Diaster ,
1
Man-
mede
Diaster ,
6
January
Total
News,
440
Disaster
related
News, 4
Natural
Disaster,
1
Man-
made
Disaster,
3
February

15. Total
News,
421
Diaster
related
news, 17
natural
disaster,
1
Man made
disaster,
16
March
Total
news
95%
Diaster
related
news
2%
Natural
Disaster
1%
Man
made
Disaster
2%
April
Total
news
96%
Disaster
related
news
2%
Natural
Disaster
1%
Man
made
disaster
1%
May
Total
News
96%
Diaster
related
News
2%
Natural
Disaster
1%
Man Made
Disaster
1%
June

16. Total
News
98%
Disaster
Related
News
1%
Natural
Disaster
1%
Man
made
Disaster
0%
July
Total
News
98%
Tdisaste
r related
News
2%
Natural
Disaster
0%
Man
made
Disaster
0%
August
Total
News
98%
Diaster
related
News
1%
Natural
Disaster
0%
Man
made
Disaster
1%
September
Total News Disaster
related
news
Natural
Disaster
Man made
disaster
525
6 4 2
October
October

17. Total
News
99%
Disaster
related
News
0%
Natural
Disaste
r
0%
Man
made
Disaster
1%
November
Total
News
100%
Disaster
reletade
news
0%
Natural
Disaster
0%
Man made
Disaster
0%
December
Our analysis showed that prothom alo published on 12 month total news 4852, among
them disaster news 75 and here percentage is 1.54%. on the other hand man-made disaster
was 50 and natural disaster was 25.

18. Frequency of disaster related news in various
page
First Page
14%
Last Page
14%
Editorial
0%
Opinion
0%
Others
72%
January
First
Page, 0
Last Page,
1 Editorial, 0
Opinion, 0
Others, 3
0 2 4 6
February
February
First
Page
5%
Last
Page
11%
Editorial
0%
Opinion
6%
Others
78%
March
First Page Last Page Editorial Opinion Others
April 1 1 0 0 8
April

19. First
Page
Last page Editorial Opinion Others
May 0 2 0 0 0
Series 2 12 12 12 21 28
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
May
50%
0%
0%
0%
50%
June
First Page
Last Page
Editorial
Opinion
Others
0 0 0 0
3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
First Page Last Page Editorial Opinion Others
July
July
First
Page
Last
Page
Editorial Opinion Others
August 2 1 0 0 3
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
August

20. 0
1
2
3
First Page
Last Page
Editorial
Opinion
Others
2
0
0
0
3
September
0
2
4
6
1
0 0 0
6
October
October
0%
50%
0%0%
50%
November
First Page
Last Page
Editorial
Opinion
Others
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
First
Page
Last
Page
Editorial Opinion Others
0 0 0 0
1
Decem…

21. First page is the most important page of a newspaper. First page contains the most
important news of a day. First page may be the only page that at least readers read. In
Daily the study prothom alo published 75 disaster related stories. Among them 10 stories
were located in first page.
The last page of a newspaper is most important page after first page. Readers read last
page after reading the first page. Less important (than first page) stories are published
here. The last page contained much less stories. The daily prothom alo published 9
disaster related news.
Others page of Daily prothom alo contained 56 stories.
Editorials are believed to be the heart and soul of the newspapers. It is a brief essay on
current issues; which represent the views of newspapers. In this study the study found
total 100 editorials. Among them editorials published in Daily prothom alo 8.
Opinions also present the view of a newspaper. Opinions are written by prominent
persons. The main objective of opinions is to interpret the news and pointing out how the
event will affect the concern publics. However the study got 205 opinions in this 12
month long study period and it published 8 disaster related opinion.

22. Frequency of investigative news:
0% 12%
25%
0%
25%
0%0%
12%
0%
13%
0%
13%
Investigative News
January February March April May Jun July August Sepember October November December
From our newspaper analysis we can see that, there was total 75 disaster
related news and only 8 news was investigative. From the number we
calculate 10.67% new was investigative.

23. Frequency of news with picture:
January
6%
February
13%
March
0%
April
19%
May
9%
Jun
9%
July
3%
August
0%
September
13%
October
19%
Nobember
6%
December
3%
News with picture
Pictures are very important for newspapers. Pictures draw the attention
of readers and generates more readership. Sometimes pictures are
better at communicating a story than written word. We found 43 news
with picture and here percentage of 57.33%.

24. 0% 0% 0%
14% 0%
29%
0%
29%
14%
14%
0% 0%
Jump News
January February March April May Jun
July August September October Nobember December
Frequency of jump news:
Newspaper published jump news when it’s remains that it need to
be inform to the reader with details, our analysis showed that
prothom alo published only 6 news as jump news.

25. 0% 0%
84%
0%
0%
8% 0% 0% 0%
0%
8%
0%
Frequency of Follow up News:
January February March April May Jun
July August September October Nobember December
Follow up news is important for the reader because it contain details about the
previous event. Prothom alo published 14 news as follow up news.

26. Frequency of awareness news:
Pre
0%
Durin
67%
After
33%
Awareness News
(February)
0%
50%50%
Awareness (March)
Pre During After
10%
80%
10%
Awareness(April)
Pre During Post
50%
25%
25%
25%
Awareness(May)
Pre During Post

27. Pre
100%
During
0%
Post
0%
Awareness(Jun)
Pre
0%
During
100%
Post
0%
Awareness(July)
Pre
33%
During
67%
Post
0%
Awareness(September)
Pre
0%
During
100%
Post
0%
Awareness(November)

28.  By analyzing 4857 news we have got total 75 disaster news. In other sense it’s
nothing but a fraction. Media should cover more and more disaster related news.
 First page is called the window of a newspaper. People used to get important news
from first page. Newspaper should place all the disaster related news on first, so
that the reader could find it easily.
 Disaster news are usually very short, so that newspaper authority should make the
disaster related news elaborate.
 Disaster related news should have more investigative.
 This news is not follow up usually. So newspaper should have follow up disaster
related news as well.
 The editorial panel treated disaster related editorial as very simple that why we see
very little amount of disaster related editorial. So editorial panel should write more
and more editorial.
 Our analysis showed that media just inform disaster news but they are not concern
about to inform the pre awareness.
 Typically disaster related news don’t provide with aid news. So it is necessary to
involve more and more aid news.

29. Transport accident:
 The government should make a separate lane for slow motion vehicles.
 Use road divider to separate up-down lane.
 Raise awareness among the passengers ,such as: not forcing the drivers to drive
fast or forbidding the driver when he is driving fast.
 Don’t use the footpath for temporary shops.
 Make the driver well-trained.
 Be transparent while giving the license.
 Enhance mutual dialogue and understanding among transport authority, driver
and passenger.
 Apply technology to check fleetness of vehicles.
 Implement convenient laws.
Terrorist attack:
 Raise awareness among the people.
 To make understand the youth that terrorism is nothing but a myth.
 Arrange seminar on what religion tell us about terrorism.

30. Fire:
Raise awareness among the people compulsory to have a fire men for industrial
fire.
For extinguishing fire required equipments should be available.
Train the people about fire extinguishing.
Add modern tools at fire station.
Every residential area should be forced to keep fire extinguisher.
Suggestion for natural disaster:
We don’t have enough equipments and technology to forecast a disaster related
news before it happens.
If we had the modern and latest technology we could easily forecast it in time.
Community, media and expert should work together to mitigate disaster. Expert
should give some opinion through media, media should publish it and the
community should take it.
Make the people aware of disaster and it’s impact.

31. Proposed model of Disaster Management System
(DMS) in Bangladesh:
Public awareness
(Training, Disaster
education)
Communication
(Resource mobilization:
Advance technology
Such as Electronic
media
And wireless network)
Rehabilitation And
reconstruction
Program
(Temporary Housing,
Shelter And medical
care
Disaster
Management system
(DMS)
Early warning and
Response system
(Weather and signal
Develop, Satellite image and
remote
Sensing, seasonal calendar,
CRA)
Collaboration (Govt. institution
with development partner and
NGOS)
Institutional Stricture at national
level
* National Disaster Management
council (NDMC)
* Management coordination
Committee (IMSMC)
* National Disaster Management
Advisory Committee (NDMAC) at
sub-national level
* City Corporation , District
Pourashava, Upazila and Union
Disaster Management Committee
Capacity building (Policy
develop, norms and community
development)
Legal Framework
(Disaster Management Act,
Disaster Management plan,
Standing order disaster on
Disaster)
Source: Management Approach to Disaster Scenario in
Bangladesh: An overview
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam , Anjum Tasnuva1 , Md.
Tanziul Islam, Md. Rezaul Haque