Vitamin B but no Molecular Structure.

2. Vitamin B are group of water soluble vitamins that
play important role in cell metabolism.
Vitamin B use in your body to make energy from the
food you Eat.
The also help to form Red Blood cell in our Body.
The naming of Vitamin began with Funk’s isolated
concentrate. The molecule present here was called
Vitamin B, Since it cure BERI-BERI disease.
Discovery of Vitamin B complex begins in 1889. By a
Dutch Physician named Chirstian Ejikman.

3. • Vitamin B-1
• Thiamine
• Vitamin B-2
• Riboflavin
• Vitamin B-3
• Niacin or Niacinamide
• Vitamin B-5
• Pantothenic
• Vitamin B-6
• Pyridoxine, Pyridoxal
• Vitamin B-7
• Biotin
• Vitamin B-9
• Folic Acid
• Vitamin B-12
• Cobalmines, Cyanocobalamin in vitamin supplements
Classification

4. Is a water soluble vitamin. It was isolated in 1926 by Janson
and Donoth from Rice Polishing.
It is easily destroyed by cooking in Alkaline or Neutral
medium when cooked at high temperature.
 Daily Requirement of Thiamine
Daily Requirement of Thiamine is 0.5mg per 1000 kcal of
energy intake.
Maximum requirement is 1.5mg/day for adults.
The body content of thiamine is placed at 30 mg. If more
given then it loss through Urine.
Patients on regular hemodialysis should be given
supplements of thiamine.
Also given to those patients with persistent vomiting or
prolonged gastric aspiration and those who go on long fast.

5. Dietary Sources of Thiamine
Thiamine occurs in all
natural foods although
in small amounts.
The important sources
are whole grains
cereals like wheat,
grams, yeast, rice,
pulses, oil seeds, nuts
etc.
Especially groundnuts and Milk in an important sources of
thiamine for infants.
Cereals are main sources of Thiamine in Indian diet which
contributes form 60 to 85% of total supply.

6. Functions of Vitamin B-1
Thiamine function mainly as co-enzyme which is required in
the breakdown of glucose to yield energy.
It help to maintain healthy nervous system.
It required for normal appetite and digestion.
Constant level of thiamine in the body is 30mg.
Deficiency of thiamine.
Being water soluble, it lost during washing, cooking, destroyed in
toast.
So deficiency depend upon local customs and cultural practices of
cooking food.
Early Symptoms of deficiency include fatigue, irritability, poor
appetite, tingling and numbness in the legs.
Symptoms occur because the tissue cells are unable to receive
sufficient energy form glucose.
Two principle deficiency diseases are BERIBERI and WERNICKE
encephalopathy.

8. This vitamin was isolated in 1933.
It has a fundamental role in cellular oxidation.
It is a cofactor in a number of enzymes involved with
energy metabolism.
It is Stable to heat and acid. It is rapidly destroyed in
bright light.
Daily Requirements of Vitamin B-2
Infants 0.5
mg
Children 1
mg
Adults 2 mg
Generally
0.6 mg
Mg daily

9. Sources of Vitamin B2
The richest Source of Riboflavin
are milk, egg, liver and green
leafy vegetables.
Cereals and Pulses are relatively
poor sources because they are
consumed in large quantities,
they contribute much of the
riboflavin to Indian diets.
Gremination increase the
riboflavin and Cereals.

10. Function of Riboflavin
Play important role in metabolism of other vitamins like
niacin and vitamin B1
As a coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. So it is a cofactor
in number of enzymes involved in energy metabolism.
It also involved in Antioxidant activity.
Deficiency of Riboflavin
Deficiency of Riboflavin always occur in association with
deficiency of other B-Complex.
Swelling of the Lips with Cheilosis.
Itching, burning and watery eyes.
Glossitis (inflammation of tongue.
Angular Stomatitis ( cracks in skin in corner of lips)

12. Vitamin B3 Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)
 This vitamin was isolated in 1937 form liver that found in pellagra (a
disease) was cured with it.
 This vitamin differ from other vitamin of B-Complex group that an
essential amino acid tryptophan act as precursor.
 Another characteristic of niacin is that it is not excreted in urine as such
bit is metabolized to at least 2 major methylated derivatives”
 N-methyl-nicotinamide and
 N-methyl pyridones.
Daily Requirement of Niacin
 The recommended daily allowances are 6mg/1000 kcal of energy intake.
42%
24%
19%
6% 9%
mg/100g
Dried yeast
liver
Rice
Cereals

13. Sources of Niacin
Rich sources are
dried east, rice,
peanut flour.
Good sources are
Fish , meat, legumes
etc.
Milk is also a poor
source of niacin , but
its protein are rich in
tryptophan which is
converted in the
body into niacin.

14. Functions of Niacin
Niacin is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and
protein.
It also essential for normal functioning for skin, intestine and
nervous system.
Deficiency of Niacin
The studies of Gopalan and coworkers in India have shown
that niacin deficiency occurs among the peoope eating maize
and jowar.
Its deficiency cause disease is called Pellagra, which means
rough skin.
Early symptoms are headache, swollen tongue, loss of appetite
and weight.
Without treatment it may result to death.

16. Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
It is one of vitamin B complex which can cure a specific type
of dermatitis.
It was isolated in 1938 in a pure form.
There is a specific role of pantothenic acid in the
biosynthesis of corticosteroids.
Normally human blood contains 18-35 mg%.
Daily requirement Pantothenic
10 mg per day. Daily requirement of pantothenic acid for
different age groups.
Infants- 1.5-2.5 mg.
Children-5-8 mg.
Adults-10 mg.

17. Sources of Pantothenic Acid

18. Deficiency
Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare.
Few symptoms are nausea, vomiting and tremors
of outstreached hand.
A condition known as burning feet syndrome
observed in prisoners of japan in 2nd World War.
The Syndrome was also associated with
neurological and mental Disturbance.
Indian subjects responded to treatment with
calcium poantothenate 20 to 40 mg in injection.

20. Vitamin B 6 (Pyridoxin)
Pyridoxin was isolated in a pure form in 1938. By different
group of workers.
It occurs in three of forms-pyridoxine, pyridoxal and
pyridoxamine.
It plays an important role in metabolism of proteins, fats
and carbohydrates.
Daily requirement
Two mg/day. For different age groups its requirement is
different.
8%
23%
31%
38%
Pyridoxin in mg
Infants
Children
Adults
Women

21. Sources of (Pyridoxin)

22. Functions of Pyridoxin
Essential for synthesis and breakdown of amino acids.
Help in conversion of tryptophan to niacin.
Conversion of linoleic acids to arachidonic acid.
Needed for synthesis of heme.
Helps in production of antibodies.
Deficiency
Hypochromic anemia, because hemoglobin is not
synthesized, Red blood cells are pale in color.
Peripheral neuritis, especially when patient gets
isonicotinylhydrazide in tuberculosis.
Seborrhea like skin lesions around the eye and nose.
Children develop nervous irritability and convulsions.

24. Vitamin B 9 Folate(Folic Acid)
Folate means leaf. These names is derived form Latin word
folium which means leaf.
An alternative name is folacin and its pharmaceutical
preparation is folic acid.
It was isolated in 1946. It occurs in two forms:- 1) Free
folates and 2)bound folates.
It is rapidly observed form small intestine.
Daily Requirements
Daily requirement of folic acid are given by ICMR (2010)
Folic acid supplements during pregnancy have been found
to increase the birth weight of infants.
Requirements are increase in the age of rapid growth.

25. Adults- 200/day
Pregnancy- 500/day
Children- 100/day
Sources of Folic Acid
As the name folia means leaf so green leafy vegetables,
liver, meat , egg, dairy product, fruits and cereals are good
sources of diet.
Fermented food such as idli, dhokla and dosa are also
important sources of folic acid.
Some bacteria present on intestine tract are capable of
synthetsizing the vitamin.

26. Functions
It is essential for the
maturation of red blood
cells in bone marrow.
IT play role in synthesis
of DNA.
It act as a CO-ENZYME
in the synthesis of
methionine and purine.

27. Deficiency of Folates
Body stores less amount of folates and its deficiency result
quickly.
Over cooking destroys the folic acid in food.
Deficiency of folates is commonly found in pregnancy and
lactation.

28. Vitamin12 (CYANOCOBALAMIN)
This vitamin was discovered in 1948.
It is a complex organometallic compound with a cobalt atom.
It has separate biochemical role, unlrelated to folate, in
synthesis of fatty acid in myelin.
Daily Requirement
 Recommended allowances of B12 by ICMR (1981).
5%
24%
35%
36%
MG
Infants Adult Pregnancy Lactation

29. Sources Vitamin B 12
Good Sources are liver,
meat, fish, eggs, milk
and cheese.
Vitamin B 12 is not
found in food of
vegetable origin.
It also synthesize by
bacteria of colon.

30. Functions of Vitamin B12
It promotes the maturation of red blood cells.
It is involved in the formation of white blood cells and
platelets.
It act as a co coenzyme in the synthesis of methionine.
It cooperates the folic acid in the synthesis of DNA.
Its Biochemical role is synthesis of fatty acid the myelin.

31. Deficiency of Vitamin B12
Skin and eyes are pale, tongue is raw and red, mouth
ulcers.
There is numbness, tingling sensation in the fingers as
nervous system is affected.
Hemoglobin level falls and megaloblasts appear in blood.
Megaloblastic anemia is seen in strict vegetarians.