Nutrition in mammals

1. Topic:
nutrition in
mammals

2. Holozoic nutrition:
Animals feed by ingesting ready-
made complex organic matter
obtained from other organisms.
This mode of feeding on ready-
made complex organic matter is
called holozoic nutrition

5. Food enters the body via the mouth
which leads into the buccal cavity.
Around the sides and front of the
buccal cavity are the upper and
lower jaws. The upper jaw is fixed
while the lower jaw is movable.
These jaws bear four types of
teeth : incisors,canines,premolars
and molars

7. The pharynx is the part
of the gut which leads
mouth to the esophagus
and to the trachea by
way the larynx . The
larynx bears alit-like
opening called the
glottis.

12. It is a muscular bag. then
mucous coat of the
stomach wall bears
numerous pits, stomach
releases gastric juice to
digest food.

14. The small intestine consists of U-
shaped duodenum, the jejunum and the
much coiled ileum. The lining of the
walls of the small intestine contains
glands which secrete digestive enzyme
. It is 6 meters long.

16. The liver is the largest gland in the body.
It is dark red and made up of 5 lopes 3 on
the right and 2 on the left. The liver
secrete bile an alkaline greenish-yellow
liquid containing bile salts and bile
pigments it does not contain enzyme
Bile is temporarily stored in the gall
bladder . The gall bladder is a greenish-
yellow liquid bag attached to the liver.
When the gall bladder r contracts the bile
flows into the duodenum via the bile duct.

18. The pancreas the gland lying on the
loop of the duodenum it is connected
to duodenum by means of the
pancreatic duct. The pancreas
produces pancreatic juice which
contains digestive enzyme . The
pancreas also secretes the hormone
insulin which plays an important role
in controlling the sugar level.

20. The large intestine is shorter but much
broader than the small intestine. At the
junction between the small intestine and
the ascending the colon is small sac, the
caecum and the blindly ending appendix.
The main function of large intestine is to
absorb water and mineral salts from the
undigested food material. It helps to
remove bacteria during egestion.

23. Active transport plays an important role in the
absorption of the digested products , especially
glucose, amino acids and mineral salts glycerol is
soluble in water and it diffuses into the
epithelium. In the epithelium the soaps and
glycerol recombine to form minute fat globules
which are absorbed by the lymphatic capillaries.
Water and mineral salts are also absorbed by the
large intestine. The undigested material is
temporarily stored in rectum . the removal of
undigested material is called egestion .