Techniques and strategies of Early grade reading.

1. READING
READINESS
BUSHRA PASHA
bushra.pasha@gmail.com

2. LET US REMIND
OURSELVES
■Language is comprised of
discreet units of sounds that
combine together to produce
meaningful words

3. LET US REMIND
OURSELVES
■Reading is one of the
literacy skill of a
language

4. What is Reading?
■Reading is a complex
process of decoding
symbols and deriving
meaning out of it.

5. Can you read this word?

6. And this word?
Reading

7. What are the common reading
challenges for children?
■Before 1975, reading was
taught at the schools using a
visual whole word approach.

8. Whole word approach
Cat

9. What challenges do children face while
reading?
■ Most of the children read well.
■ However, there was always a group of children
who had problems remembering words.They
did not pick up letter sounds correctly.

10. ■It was then decided to
teach sounds first to see if
sounds before letter could
work better.This proved
much of a success than
expected as a whole.

11. ■The pre-reading requisite
required children to listen
carefully to sounds in
words and then identify
and relate them to letters.

12. It made reading much easy.
Children found it much easier
to read and write when they
understood the sound system
of the language before the
orthography.

13. Phoneme
■It is a member of the smallest
unit of speech that serve to
distinguish one utterance from
another in a language or a
dialect.

14. Phonemic Awareness
■ It refers to the ability to hear and manipulate
sounds in words.
■ It is auditory
■ It is not phonics
■ It does not involve prints
■ It is also referred to as Reading Readiness

15. What is Phonemic
Awareness?
It is the ability to listen and
manipulate phonemes (sounds)
which are the smallest part of a
spoken language.

16. Although there are 26
letters in the English
Alphabet System but there
are approximately 42
sound units (phonemes)

17. OVERVIEW OF PHONEMIC
AWARENESS SKILLS AND
ACTIVITIES

18. DISCRIMINATION OF
PHONEMES

19. DISCRIMINATING PHONEMES
■Students listen to determine if two
words begin or end with the same
sound
Words beginning with ‘l’ Words ending with /m/
lord Room
land gum
Late same

20. COUNTING SYLLABLES

21. Syllable
a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound,
with or without surrounding consonants, forming
the whole or a part of a word.
Example
Mono syllabic Bi syllabic Poly syllabic
sun Water advantage

22. Students clap the number of syllables in
a word
Mono syllabic Di syllabic Tri syllabic
run Master cabinet
bit Facing deliver
bone Thirty injury

23. RHYMING

24. Rhyming
■Words or syllables ending
with identical sounds

25. Students create word families with
rhyming words
-all -and -ry
ball sand Fury
call land Burry
fall band Slurry

26. ALLITERATION

27. Alliteration
■ Occurance of same sound in closely
connected words
EXAMPLE:
Sip the sauce in the same saucer
Betty Botter bought some butter

28. Students can create tongue twisters
■Silly Sally’s same shoe slipped in the
same slippery slime
■Pied piper picked a peck of pickled
pepper

29. PHONEMIC
SEGMENTATION

30. ■It is the ability to break up words into
individual sounds. It can further be
categorized into :
■First sound isolation
■Middle sound isolation
■Final sound isolation
■Complete sound isolation

31. First sound isolation
Teacher: I will say a word and you have to tell me the
first sound.
bus Soul
bid Fear
Cat Base
Sap Yard

32. Middle sound isolation
ShortVowel Sounds LongVowel sounds
Ram rain
Hen been
Gum team
Kit soon

33. Final sound isolation
LongVowel Sounds Consonant Sounds
Bee Rid
Eye Bus
Saw Tip
too sun

34. PHONEMIC BLENDING

35. It is the ability to identify
individual sounds in a
word. Blending the
sounds together and put
them into the word.

36. Students the sounds in a word and say
them fast
/s//u//n/ /f//a//s//t/
/f//i//t/ /s//t//r//o//n//g/
/m//o//p/ /f//r//i//e//n//d/

37. How many sounds blend together to make
these words ?
tip mind
pat clip
run page
hot torn

38. PHONEMIC
MANIPULATION

39. The ability to add,
delete and substitute
sounds or syllables

40. Deleting
■Students listen to words and then say them
out first with out the first syllable
Example:
■ Sand becomes and (phonemic deletion)
■ Baseball becomes ball (syllabic deletion)

41. Adding
■ Student listen to words and add syllables or sounds
Example
Add ‘s’ as the beginning sound
to the following words
un
trong
torm
tand

42. Phonemic App for smart phone
Go to Google Play Store

43. Jolly Phonics Lesson
■ Search jolly phonics
■ Press install

44. QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS

45. Feedback and Certification Link
https://forms.gle/j3SVLz2ktymKLH1
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46. THANKYOU !