Motivation

2. “Internal processes that initiate, sustain, and
direct activities”
 Need or desire that energizes or direct
behavior
The psychological feature that arouses an
organism to action toward a desired goal;
the reason for the action; which gives
purpose and direction to behavior
push of the mental forces to accomplish an
action

3. Need, an internal deficiency
Drive, an energizing motivational state
Response, an action or series of action to
attain the goal
Goal, the target of the motivated behavior

4. Need
Drive
Response
Goal
Need
Reduction

5. Needs can be objective and physical, such
as food and water, or they can be subjective
and psychological, such as the need for self-
esteem. Drive is the force that goads the
organism to satisfy the needs.
Need is a requirement that has to be fulfilled.
It is our needs that create a state of arousal
called drive. Drive keeps us motivated and
working to fulfill the need.

6. The ability or tendency of an organism or cell
to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting
its physiological processes
The relatively constant conditions within
organisms, or the physiological processes by
which such conditions are maintained in the
face of external variation
So it is standing steady or steady state
Needs produced by a process known as
homeostasis

7. Our biological drives maintain our
homeostasis
When our body deviates from the optimal
level automatic reactions began to make it
steady as
◦ If you feel too hot, more blood will flow through
skin thus lowering body temperature
◦ we are normally not aware of such changes, unless
continued disequilibrium drives us to move to a
shady place, warmth, food and water

8. Primary motives-basic drives , innate/inborn
Purpose:- self preservation/species preservation
◦ Unlearned
Stimulus Motives- express needs for stimulation
and information.
Examples include activity, curiosity, exploratory,
manipulation, and physical contact.
Although such motives also appear to be innate ,
they are not strictly necessary for survival.

9. Secondary motives
◦ Acquired as part of the socialisation process.
◦ Motives based on learned need, desires and goals
Only consider our secondary motives once
our primary motives have been satisfied

10. Primary motives
◦ Hunger
◦ Thirst
◦ Sleep
◦ Temperature regulation
◦ Elimination
◦ Avoidance of pain
◦ Maternal Drive
◦ Sex
◦ Curiosity
◦ Manipulative Drives
◦ Affectional Drive
Secondary motives
◦ Gregariousness (common
social motive)
◦ Ambition
◦ Need for Achievement
◦ Need for Affiliation
◦ Need for social approval
◦ Competition
◦ Aggression
◦ Interests
◦ Attitudes
Motives