2. Presented by:
Shilpa Sharma Vashisht
Msc. (Microbiology)
Career Point University
hamirpur (Himachal
Pradesh)
BIOFUELS FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
3. INTRODUCTION
• With the advert industrial revolution , the use of energy in the form of fossil fuels
began , this occur in the stages , from the exploration of coal deposits to exploitation
of oil and natural gases.
• But, how long can we depends on this declining fossil fuels to run our car engine , to
light our kitchen stoves??... Not now that’s for sure!!
4. Biofuels
➢ Biofuels are liquid fuels that is produced through contemporary biological processes
➢ Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or indirectly from agricultural,
commercial, domestic, and/or industrial wastes.
➢ Biomass conversion can result in fuel in solid, liquid, or gas form.
➢ New biomass can also be used directly for biofuels
➢ Biofuels are considered as an alternative source of energy
5. Generations
➢ First Generation biofuels.
First-generation" or conventional biofuels are biofuels made from food crops grown on
arable land.
➢ Second Generation biofuels.
Second generation biofuels are fuels manufactured from various types of biomass.
➢ Third Generation biofuels.
It refers to biofuel derived from algae.
➢ Fourth Generation biofuels.
Fourth-generation biofuels are made using non-arable land.
6. Main types of Biofuels
• Bioethanol
• Biodiesel
• Biogas
• Algal based biofuels
7. Bioethanol
➢ produced by the action of microorganisms and enzymes through the fermentation of
sugars or starches
➢ Ethanol fuel is the most common biofuel worldwide, particularly in Brazil.
➢ Ethanol can be used in petrol engines as a replacement for gasoline
➢ Ethanol is also used to fuel bioethanol fireplaces.
8. Biodiesel
➢ Biodiesel is the most common biofuel in Europe.
➢ It is produced from oils or fats using transesterification and is a liquid similar in
composition to fossil/mineral diesel.
➢ Biodiesel can be used in any diesel engine when mixed with mineral diesel.
➢ Biodiesel is also safe to handle and transport because it is non-toxic
and biodegradable, and has a high flash point of about 300 °F (148 °C) compared to
petroleum diesel fuel, which has a flash point of 125 °F (52 °C).
9. Biogas
➢ Biogas is methane produced by the process of anaerobic digestion of organic
material by anaerobes.
➢ It can be produced either from biodegradable waste materials or by the use of energy
crops fed into anaerobic digesters to supplement gas yields.
➢ The solid byproduct, digestate, can be used as a biofuel or a fertilizer.
➢ Farmers can produce biogas from manure from their cattle by using anaerobic
digesters.
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12. Algal based Biofuels
• Algae have a high lipid content used as biofuels
• Different seawater and freshwater species are used to make fuel
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17. Algal species used as Biofuel
• Botrycoccus braunii
• Chlorella
• Dunaliella tertiolecta
• Gracilaria
• Pleurochrysis carterae
18. Role of Microbes in Biofuels
• Oil and carbohydrates generated by microbes are refined to produced biofuel
• This is green , renewable energy that help in conserving fossil fuel usage
• But now microbes are modified to produce specific protein which can be refined to
biofuel
• Protein utilization system is one of the most highly regulated system in the cell
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20. Converting Carbon-dioxide into
liquid fuel by Bacteria
• Cyanobacterium (Synechoccus elongates) modified bacterium to consume carbon-
dioxide and generate the liquid fuel isobutanol
• Isobutanol can prove to be a great potential as a gasoline alternative
• Whole process is happens with the help of sunlight through photosynthesis
• if we want to achieve cleaner and greener energy economy this fuel might prove
helpful
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22. Advantages
• It recycles carbon-dioxide, which leads to reducing greenhouse gas emission
• it uses solar energy to covert the carbon-dioxide into liquid fuel
• This fuel is an improvement over other alternative to gasoline
23. Main uses of Biofuels
• Transport
• Energy generation
• Charging electronics
• Cooking
• Reduce cost and need of imported oils
24. Advantages of Biofuels
• Easy to source
• reduce greenhouse gases
• Renewable
• Reduce dependence on foreign oil
• Lower level of pollution
25. Conclusion
• Most important role in future fuel supplies
• Advances are made in some areas
• Conservation of non renewable resources
• lead to a sustainable future
• Biofuels are the future of energy in this nation and around the world
