ECO202 – Microeconomics Unit 5 Assignment Externalities .docx

ECO202 – Microeconomics
Unit 5 Assignment: Externalities
Due: Sunday by 11:59 pm at the end of Unit 5.
Should the FDA regulate prescription drug importation?
According to the mission statement of the Food and Drug
Administration, it is responsible for
protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and
security of human and
veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our
nation’s food supply, cosmetics,
and products that emit radiation. The FDA is also responsible
for advancing the public health
by helping to speed innovations that make medicines and foods
more effective, safer, and
affordable; and helping the public get the accurate, science-
based information they need to use
medicines and foods to improve their health. The FDA
regulates the pharmaceutical market
by controlling the approval of imported drugs.

Your assignment this week is to assess the importation of
prescription drugs by addressing the
following:
1. List the arguments for allowing importation of foreign
prescription drugs.
2. List the arguments against the importation of prescription
drugs.
3. What relationship/s do you find between your research and
negative externalities, positive
externalities, and public goods ?
Your final product will be a paper that:
The requirements for your assignment are:
1. Answer each question fully
2. Define the overall subject of each question.
3. Cite at least three (3) resources from this week’s materials.

Students: Be sure to read the criteria and review the grading
rubric on the next page, by
which your paper/project will be evaluated, before you write,
and again after you write.
Evaluation Rubric for Unit 5 Assignment
CRITERIA Deficient Proficient Exemplary Points
Earned
Overview of the
Topic
0-13 Points
Does not provide an

adequate overview
or is missing.
14-27 Points
Overview is
presented, though
may not be clear or
complete.
28-40 Points
Overview is clearly
presented including
all criteria outlined
above.
Complete
Answers
0-11 Points
Questions
unanswered and/or
poorly answered.
12-23 Points

All questions
answered with 1-2
sentence inputs.
24-35 Points
All questions
answered with depth
and clarity.
References to
Course Materials
0-5 Points
Less than 3
references, no
assimilation to the
questions.
6-10 Points
3 references,
minimal
assimilation to the
questions.

11-15 Points
4 or more references
and assimilations
show depth and
clarity.
APA Format 0-1 Point
Format has errors
that impede
professional
presentation; and/or
APA not followed,
reference page
missing.
2-3 Points
APA format and
reference page has
few errors that do
not impede
professional

presentation.
4-5 Points
APA format and
reference page is
clear, professional,
and error free.
Writing Quality 0-1 Point
More than 7 writing
errors, to include
spelling and
punctuation.
2-3 Points
More than 4 writing
errors, to include
spelling and
punctuation.
4-5 Points
No writing errors.
Total 100

Running head: PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
1
PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
2
Problem
Solution
s
Cedric, David, Jubentino, Terrence
University of Phoenix
PHL 320
November 15, 2016
The issue identified in previous weeks can be worked on by first
acknowledging the existence of the problem. This will be
followed by confronting the problem by developing an action
plan to act as a roadmap later the solution will be implemented

to action (Jackson, 2015. In that, acknowledging the existence
of the problem gives someone an urge to look for remedies to
the problem. Developing an action plan act as a direction to be
followed to ensure the problem is properly solved.
In developing the creative solution, the method which was
applied includes the use of brainstorming, divergent and
convergent thinking (Jackson, 2015). To start with,
brainstorming involves engaging in personal thinking and try to
think of the possible ideas to be used for creating a creative
thinking. In a group, everyone is allotted time to give their
views before the discussions are undertaken, the reason for
allowing everyone to give possible ideas is to challenge people
to engage extra minds before they harmonize together the ideas.
In most of the cases, brainstorming has proved to be the best
since in promote full participation from the members of the
group.89
The next method which can use is divergent and convergent
thinking. Divergent thinking involves trying to recall ideas from
the past experience, and the experience should be positive
towards proving good ideas (Jackson, 2015). Convergent
thinking involves narrowing down the ideas to obtaining a
meaningful idea. For a group, ideas from others are examined to
obtain better-informed ideas.
In overcoming barriers to creativity, there is a need for one to
obtain the experience. Before indulging in creativity, there is a

need for one to obtain experience. Obtaining experience can be
acquired by reading of relevant articles in the same field you
want to take creativity (Jackson, 2015). The secondary articles
include the reading of important books, journals, and novels
which have very important information. The next way of
overcome barriers include learning to associate yourself with
the experience; this can be done by linking your past experience
with the real issue at hand. The next way is undertaking an
expression either to a group of people or a friend. The fourth
way is evaluation whether there is a link with your past
experience with what you have at hand. The next way is by
perseverance, this is because when overcoming barriers, there is
challenges associated with. Finally, you can obtain a reflection
of your experience. There should also be a team whose job is to
check for any barriers and finding solutions to them. Barriers
can cost the organisation a lot. This is why it is important to
identify them in advance and find a way of overcoming them on
time.
In coming up with the potential solutions, critical thinking was
very vital in examining various existing solutions then select
the best alternative to be adopted (Puterman, 2014). Also,
critical thinking acted as a benchmark for evaluating whether
the identified solution was really viable to be implemented or it
was going to be a waste of time. Critical thinking was essential
in building ideas as well as challenging the course of action to

be taken. Furthermore, critical thinking acted as a parameter to
identify the channel to be adopted in implementing the
identified solution. Moreover, critical thinking was used to
identify the alternatives to be evaluated.
The four key elements as suggested by the group were essential
in arriving at a more informed decision. In that, the elements
acted as a benchmark for reaching into wiser ideas (Puterman,
2014). The group has the task to evaluate the viable ideas to
which can be generated from a business, hence, the factors
provided the clear direction for evaluating and making a
conclusion on the most viable ideas to undertake. Furthermore,
the elements provided glue on how the entire process was to be
conducted.
References
Jackson, S. L. (2015). Research methods and statistics: A
critical thinking approach. Cengage Learning.
Puterman, M. L. (2014). Markov decision processes: discrete
stochastic dynamic programming. John Wiley & Sons.
Snyder, G. H., & Diesing, P. (2015). Conflict among nations:
Bargaining, decision making, and system structure in
international crises. Princeton University Press.

Running head: ENRON’S COLLAPSE
1
ENRON’S COLLAPSE
4
Enron’s Collapse
David, Cedric, Jubentino, Terrence
University of Phoenix
PHL 320

November 7, 2016
Enron’s Collapse
Enron Corporation is a former American company that had its
headquarters in the city of Houston. The organization came to
life in 1985 in the wake of the acquisition of Natural Gas
Company by InterNorth Inc. (Yardley, 2002). Due to the
resource and capacity endowment of the two companies, the
emergent company, Enron Inc. became the market leader in the
natural gas industry across North America. In addition, it also
assumed the position of America’s largest electricity supplier.
These accolades gave Enron a front seat globally insofar as its
areas of interest were concerned. It remained was unmatched
until the onset of its demise at the end of the year 2001 when it
filed for bankruptcy. Enron’s narrative is one that is not an
isolated case on America’s corporate scene. Unscrupulous
managers and board members have repeatedly faced charges of
corporate greed and corruption, causing the collapse of
otherwise robust companies and untold suffering to
stakeholders.
In his article that featured in The New York Times on January
14, 2002, Jim Yardley recounts the consequences of how the

bankruptcy and the fall of the company affected its investors
and the employees (Yardley, 2002). According to Yardley
(2002), the bankruptcy of Enron led to the loss of close to 4000
jobs to the Houston locals and was a painful encounter for the
Houston Ballet. The charities that benefitted from the company
faced a huge blow after its closure in 2001. The corporation’s
demise triggered a full-scale corporate scandal in the city of
Huston and later the whole of the United States. Before its
collapse, the company was the epitome of corporate grandeur in
Houston and beyond. It was a civil dynamo whose money and
influence were tangible across the city and its environs
(Yardley, 2002). Houston’s citizens could not help but wonder
about the scope and depth of the effects of Enron’s demise. It
was devastating. Many laid off employees were furious at the
company’s executives and their financial, and emotional
distress could not be overstated. One of the former employees
had to cancel a scheduled cancer surgery due to the shortage of
funds.
Another article that covers the Enron case is a piece by Joseph
Nicolson, which explains the factors that led to the collapse of
the company. Nicolson gives the major causes of Enron’s
downfall as both personal and systemic failures (Nicholson,
2015). The article cites accounting problems where the company
claimed there were profits even when there were none.

Secondly, endless borrowing from Wall Street to invest in e-
commerce and other questionable investments led to the
downfall from fraud. The article further cites management
culture and preferential treatment as additional causes of
Enron’s downfall.
From the first article, focuses on bankruptcy and the downfall
of Enron as well as the ensuing consequences after its collapse,
especially in the lives of individuals and families in Houston.
Greed coupled with circumstances in the prevailing business
environment and market euphoria to motivate ignorant
engagement in high-risk activities, some being beyond the
purview of Enron’s traditional interest areas. Eventually, the
company filed for bankruptcy, an event that saw over 4000
employees get laid off. The loss of jobs led to untold emotional
and financial strain among the former employees. In the second
article, the main problem discussed is the cause of Enron’s
collapse. These are the underlying problems because they
identify how the bankruptcy and laying off of workers affected
the normalcy of life they had gotten used to, It further gives a
detailed description of factors that occasioned the fall of the
company, which was once deemed as the corporate star in
Houston. The problems discussed in the articles directly relate
to the research problem, which are office closure and its
impacts. These problems explain why Enron gas and electricity

was closed and the effects of the closure to its investors and
employees.
Well-defined problems lead to breakthrough solutions. When
developing a product or solving a business issue, it is vital to
identify and define the problem clearly. Failure to identify a
problem properly leads to wastage of resources, opportunities,
and the pursuit of insignificant solutions. Problem identification
is the focal point in problem-solving efforts. The quality of a
solution is directly proportional to the quality of the solution
given to a specific problem that one is trying to solve. The
proper definition of a problem follows the problem definition
stages, which help to identify the right problem whose solution
is desired. The most important strategy of defining a problem is
exposing and challenging assumptions in order to eliminate
unsuitable assumptions and find the right problem. A clearly
identified problem tests the validity of the problem and the
likelihood of its consequences as well the views from multiple
perspectives, therefore, leading to the proper channels of
finding the right solution to the right problem and not the
general assumption of what could be or not be the problem.
Correctly and clearly defining a problem places it in the right
problem space through which it will be studied through
interlinking different underlying issues that need to be solved in
order to find the most suitable solution to the identified problem

(Savery, 2015). The significance of the problem space is the
proper identification and gives the right solution.
References
Nicholson, J. (2015, September 22). What caused Enron to
collapse? Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how-
does_4911332_what-caused-enron-collapse.html
Savery, J. R. (2015). Overview of problem-based learning:
Definitions and distinctions. Essential readings in problem-
based learning: Exploring and extending the legacy of Howard
S. Barrows, 5-15.
Yardley, J. (2002, January 14). Enron’s collapse: The
hometown; fall of Enron ends its dance with Houston. The New
York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/14/us/enron-s-collapse-the-
hometown-fall-of-enron-ends-its-dance-with-houston.html
Unit 4, Assignment 2: Monopoly Industries

To learn more about monopoly industries, log on to
www.usdoj.gov and do a keyword
search on “monopoly.” List two current activities the
Department of Justice is involved in
against monopolies. Explain briefly why each action is being
taken.
four questions above in total.

3. Cite at least two (2) resources from this week’s materials.

http://www.usdoj.gov/
Evaluation Rubric for Unit 4 Assignment 2
Earned
Overview of the

Topic
0-13 Points
Does not provide an
adequate overview
or is missing.
14-27 Points
Overview is
presented, though
may not be clear or
complete.
28-40 Points
Overview is clearly
presented including

above.
Complete
Answers
0-11 Points
Questions
unanswered and/or
poorly answered.
12-23 Points
All questions
answered with 1-2
sentence inputs.
24-35 Points
All questions

answered with depth
and clarity.
References to
Course Materials
0-5 Points
Less than 2
references, no
assimilation to the
questions.
6-10 Points
2 references,
minimal
assimilation to the

questions.
11-15 Points
and assimilations
show depth and
clarity.
Format has errors
that impede
professional
APA not followed,
reference page

missing.
2-3 Points
APA format and
reference page has
few errors that do
not impede
professional
presentation.
4-5 Points
APA format and
reference page is
and error free.

More than 7 writing
errors, to include
spelling and
punctuation.
2-3 Points
More than 4 writing
errors, to include
spelling and
punctuation.
4-5 Points
No writing errors.
Total 100

Unit 4, Assignment 1: Market Share
Go to www.starbucks.com and list at least two ways Starbucks
is trying to increase brand
loyalty for its product. Explain how these activities help
Starbucks maintain its market
share.

3. Cite at least two (2) resources from this week’s materials.

http://www.starbucks.com/

Evaluation Rubric for Unit 4 Assignment 1
Earned
Overview of the
Topic
0-13 Points
Does not provide an
adequate overview
or is missing.
14-27 Points
Overview is
presented, though
may not be clear or

complete.
28-40 Points
Overview is clearly
presented including
above.
Complete
Answers
0-11 Points
Questions
unanswered and/or
poorly answered.
12-23 Points
All questions

answered with 1-2
sentence inputs.
24-35 Points
All questions
answered with depth
and clarity.
References to
Course Materials
0-5 Points
Less than 2
references, no
assimilation to the
questions.

6-10 Points
2 references,
minimal
assimilation to the
questions.
11-15 Points
and assimilations
show depth and
clarity.
Format has errors
that impede

professional
APA not followed,
reference page
missing.
2-3 Points
APA format and
reference page has
few errors that do
not impede
professional
presentation.
4-5 Points
APA format and

reference page is
and error free.
More than 7 writing
errors, to include
spelling and
punctuation.
2-3 Points
More than 4 writing
errors, to include
spelling and
punctuation.

4-5 Points
No writing errors.
Total 100

ECO202 – Microeconomics Unit 5 Assignment Externalities .docx

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