3. Introduction:
• Throughout a woman's life cycle, the
hormonal influences that take place
can affect the therapeutic decision
making in Periodontics.
• However at times there are various
contributing factors that exaggerate
the existing periodontal disease.
• One such is observed in female
patients where, as a result of
hormonal influences seen during
their life cycle.
4. • Hormones are specific regulatory molecules that modulate
reproduction, growth and development, maintenance of
the internal environment, as well as energy production,
utilization, and storage.
• Hormonal effects reflect physiological/ pathological
changes in almost all types of tissues of the body.
5. Puberty:
• 11 to 14 years in most women.
• Prevalence of gingivitis increases, without an increase in the amount of
plaque.
• Gram negative anaerobes, implicated in association with puberty gingivitis.
• Kornman and Loesche (1979) postulated that these anaerobic organisms
may use ovarian hormones as a substitute for vitamin K growth factor.
• Prevotella intermedia and Capnocytophaga species have been implicated in
the increased bleeding tendency observed during puberty.
6. Clinical Features:
• Exaggerated response to local
factors.
• Hyperplasic reaction of the gingiva
may occur.
• Inflamed tissues become
erythematous, lobulated, and
retractable.
• Easily Bleeds.
• Inflammatory hyperplasia seen.
7. • Chronic regurgitation of gastric
contents on intraoral tissues which
is a common complaint in the
puberty phase.
• Bulimia and anorexia nervosa.
• Perimylosis typically on the palatal
surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth
varies with duration and frequency
of eating disorder.
8. Management:
• Education of patient and caregiver.
• Preventive care, such as teeth brushing and
flossing.
• Mild Gingivitis- Respond well to scaling and
root planning.
• Severe cases of gingivitis
a. Scaling and
root planning
b. Microbial
culturing
c. Antimicrobial
mouthwashes
9. MENSES:
• During the reproductive years, the ovarian cycle is
controlled by the anterior pituitary gland which secretes
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing
hormone (LH) are produced from anterior pituitary
gland.
• Under the influence of FSH and LH, estrogen and
progesterone are steroid hormones produced by the
ovaries during the menstrual cycle.
• Average ovarian cycle lasts for 28 days, which is
interrupted only by pregnancy.
• During the reproductive cycle, the purpose of estrogen
and progesterone is to prepare the uterus for
10.
11. Pre menstrual syndrome ( PMS):
• During the peak level of progesterone (about 7 – 10 days prior
to menstruation) PMS also occur.
• No significant differences in estrogen and progesterone levels
between women who suffer PMS and women who do not.
• Depression, irritability, mood swings, and difficulty with memory
and concentration due to reduced neuro transmitters.
• PMS women have lower of certain neuro transmitters such as:
• Enkaphalins
• Endorphins
• Amino butyric acid (GABA)
• Serotonin
12. The monthly reproductive cycle has two
phases monthly reproductive cycle has two phases: The monthly reproductive cycle
has two phases:
