ISSUES RELATED TO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH The different factors that effect maternal and child health are explained as follows Maternal age As maternal age advances so does the rate of anuploidy. The result is increased rates of pregnancy loss and birth of infants with chromosomal anomalies. Most women and men are aware that advanced maternal age (older than 35 years ) may affect pregnancy adversely. This awarenass is direct outcome of the adoption of practice standards that obligate obstetricians, gynecologist, and women’s health nurses to appropriately disseminate this information and the considerable media exposureabout this issue through public service campaigns , news programmes etc. Conversely, the general public health care providers are less aware that advanced paternal age (older than 45 years at conception) unfavourably affects fetal growth and development. The nurse should offer education and counseling using incidence tables for chromosomes anomalies associated with advanced maternal age and review characteristic of disorder that may occur through paternal transmission of spontaneous new mutation as a result of advanced paternal age. SEXUALITY FACTOR • Both the client and her partner may express concern about sexuality and intercourse during pregnancy. Although there is no reason why healthy women need abstain from intercourse during pregnancy, some sources suggest that mother should be advised to avoid coitus during the first three months and the last two months. In the first three months it increases the risk of abortion. The risk of abortion is more in mothers who have previous history of abortion. In late pregnancy it predisposes to infection. Intercourse is contraindicated in cases of known placenta previa, or ruptured membrane. GENDER In some society , there may be the discrimination between the male and female baby. If the mother have a male baby the family will provide more care and attention towards the mother and the baby. And if, the mother have a female baby the family member will provide less care and support to baby and mother.so gender also influences mother and child health. NUTRITION women require proper nutrition and normal endocrine function for normal fetal development. Woman especially requires vitamins and minerals to support fetal growth and development. Adequate folate status , helps to prevent neural tube defects, and control of blood glucose level , which improves the ability to conceive and give birth to a healthy newborn. ENVOIRONMENTAL FACTORS Envoironmental factors also influences on maternal and child health. So we have to know about the envoironment in which the woman and partner reside and work. Men exposed to toxic substances such as heat , radiation, viruses, bacteria, alcohol, and recreational drugs are more likely to have decreased morphologically and genitically normal sperm in single ejaculate. This result in reproductive failure preconception and post fertilization. Woen exposed to similar

1. ISSUES RELATED TO MATERNAL AND
CHILD HEALTH
Presented by-
RATNA PARMAR
NURSING OFFICER
MGMMC

2. The different factors that effect maternal and child
health are explained as follows
Maternal age (above 35 year)
• Advanced maternal age - increase in rate of
anuploidy - increased rates of pregnancy loss and
birth of infants with chromosomal anomalies.

3. • SEXUALITY FACTOR
• avoid coitus during the first three months and
the last two months
• The risk of abortion is more in mothers who
have previous history of abortion.

4. GENDER
• In some of low socioeconomic class much
attention is given on male baby rather than female
baby and mother.
• NUTRITION
women require proper nutrition and normal
endocrine function for normal fetal development.
Woman especially requires vitamins and minerals
to support fetal growth and development.
Adequate folate status , helps to prevent neural
tube defects, and control of blood glucose level ,
which improves the ability to conceive and give
birth to a healthy newborn.

5. • ENVOIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Men exposed to toxic substances such as heat
, radiation, viruses, bacteria, alcohol, and
recreational drugs are more likely to have
decreased morphologically and genetically
normal sperm in single ejaculate. This result in
reproductive failure preconception and post
fertilization.
• Women exposed to similar toxic agents
experience diminished ovarian reserver , poor
endometrial lining development and fetal
development.

6. • ETHENIC AND SOCIOCULTURAL FACTOR
Culture and family can be viewed simultaneously for,
regardless of the family type, it remains the basic unit of
society and influences human development over the life
span. The older adults in family often have significant
role in health and child care , household maintenance,
and decision making. Multiple care takers are available
to help with child rearing and discipline.
Religious belief and practices are part of cultural and
family heritage and influences health care behaviours. In
this, some religious belief are cause of many
superstitions which adversely affects life of mother and
child. The cultural prescription tell women what to do ,
and establishes many taboos. These prescriptions
regulate women’s emotional response , clothing,
activity, and rest, sexual activity and dietry patterns.

7. • LIFESTYLE FACTORS
The health of an individual have direct relationship
to the life style. Life style is nothing but a way of
living personal hygiene, habits and behaviour.
Healthy lifestyle helps to promote health and poor
lifestyle have ill effect on health.
Some examples of healthy life style's choices of
maternal and child health.
• Regular exercise
• Weight control
• Avoidance of saturated fat
• Alcohol and tobacco avoidance
• Immunization updates
• Regular check-up.

8. Thank
you