A general lookout at nanomedicines .

1. Nanomedicine :
A review
PREPARED BY – ROHAN JAGDALE

2. AIM
 To study the nanoparticles and the detailed study of nanomedicines as per their
types, advantages, preferable therapies moreover with there combinations in
cancer treatment therapies.

3. Introduction
 Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology in the health sciences, which is
often defined as technologies with a diameter of less than 1000 nanometres.
 Researchers have been employing nanomedicine to target microorganisms for some
years, with encouraging findings in vitro and as a possible antimicrobial breakthrough.
 Clinical trials began to surface in subsequent investigations, and it appears that a
clinical translation movement is gaining traction in the field of antimicrobial
nanomedicine.

4. Nanomedicines definition
 The branch of medicine concerned with the use of nanotechnology
and nanoparticles .

5. Advantages of Nanomedicines
➢ Reduced degree of invasiveness.
➢ Reduced systems side effects of drugs.
➢ Cost effectiveness of medical and surgical therapy.
➢ Benefits in cancer therapy.
➢ Reduced morbidity and mortality rates.
➢ No surgery requires
➢ Drug delivery to the exact location

6. Disadvantages of Nanomedicines
➢ Nanotoxicity.
➢ Difficulty in ADR monitoring.
➢ Different effects of drugs due to partial size.
➢ High cost
➢ Implementation difficulties

7. Types of Nanoparticles
Different types of nanoparticles (NPs) divided into organic, hybrid and inorganic
categories.

8. Therapeutic uses of Nanoparticles
 Nanomedicine can be used for targeted drug delivery, imaging
and diagnosis, to identify, replace and repair cells and to develop
therapeutics that can minimize the systemic effects that are
otherwise caused by conventional treatments such as
chemotherapy

9. Liposome drug delivery Structure of niosome

10. General structure of Dendrimers

11. Nanorobots : A Future Vision
➢ Nanorobots are nanodevices.
➢ Potential applications include
➢ To repair or detect targeted damages and infections.
➢ early diagnosis and targeted drug delivery for cancer,
➢ biomedical instrumentation, surgery

12. Major Drugs used in nanomedicines
Doxorubicin: -
Brand name - Doxil
Doxorubicin is semi-synthetically produced and is indicated for
the treatment of a multitude of cancers, including breast and
ovarian, leukaemia (acute myelogenous leukaemia [AML] and
acute lymphoblastic leukaemia), Hodgkin lymphoma, non-
Hodgkin lymphoma, Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma, and
sarcoma.

13. Amphotericin B
Brand name - Abelcet
Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used for serious
fungal infections and leishmaniasis. The fungal infections it is
used to treat include mucormycotic, aspergillosis,
blastomycosis, candidiasis, coccidioidomycosis, and
cryptococcosis. For certain infections it is given with
flucytosine

14. Daunorubicin
Brand name - DaunoXome
Daunorubicin is used with other chemotherapy drugs to treat a
certain type of acute myeloid leukaemia. Daunorubicin is an
anti-cancer ("antineoplastic" or "cytotoxic") chemotherapy drug.
This medication is classified as an "anthracycline antitumor
antibiotic.”

15. Cytarabine
Brand name - DepoCyt
Cytarabine is used alone or with other chemotherapy drugs to treat certain
types of leukaemia (cancer of the white blood cells), including acute
myeloid leukaemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL), and
chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML).

16. NANOMEDICINE PREFERABLE THERAPIES
➢ Nanomedicine in the diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders
➢ For Blood Disorder Diseases
➢ Nanomedicine for diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis against COVID-19 –
➢ For cancer therapy –

17. Future of nanomedicines
 Nanomedicines are increasingly being studied by scientists for
different medicinal applications. These include more efficient drug
delivery and targeting as well as personalized nanomedicine where
a drug is administered to a patient based on their genetic profile.
 Emerging nanomaterials – Emerging nanomaterials such as block
copolymer micelles, polymers, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots and
dendrimers are designed to help deliver or target drugs more
efficiently.

18.  Carbon nanotubes are hexagonally bound carbon atoms that
together take the shape of a hollow tube. They are being explored
for applications in therapy, particularly in cancer treatment, but
also for developing new diagnostic agents as well as nano sensors.
Carbon nanotubes can be used to achieve targeted drug delivery.

19. Theranostics and personalised nanomedicine
 Personalized medicine refers to a therapeutic approach
tailored to the individual characteristics of a patient
through the use of techniques such as molecular
profiling. In the future, nanotechnology may allow us to
receive individualized therapeutic treatments. Newly
developed nanomedicines include multi-component
systems called theragnostic that can, for example,
incorporate both therapeutic and diagnostic molecules.
The resulting nano-system will allow diagnosis, drug
delivery and monitoring of the effects of the medicine.
The development of such systems can help to reach the
goal of obtaining individualized therapies for several
diseases.