Infrastructure of Tunnel & Sewage System

1. DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Infrastructure mainly consisting of
Tunnels
Sewage System
Er. Ramprasad Kumawat
M.Tech

2. • A tunnel is an underground passageway, dug
through the surrounding soil/earth/rock and
enclosed except for entrance and exit,
commonly at each end.
• A pipeline is not a tunnel, though some recent
tunnels have used immersed tube construction
techniques rather than traditional tunnel boring
methods.

3. • A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular
road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal.
• Some tunnels are used
as sewers or aqueducts to supply water for
consumption or for hydroelectric stations.
• Utility tunnels are used for routing steam,
chilled water, electrical power or
telecommunication cables, as well as
connecting buildings for convenient passage of
people and equipment.

4. • Secret tunnels are built for military purposes,
or by civilians
for smuggling of weapons, contraband,
or people.
• Special tunnels, such as wildlife crossings, are
built to allow wildlife to cross human-made
barriers safely. Tunnels can be connected
together in tunnel networks.

5. • A tunnel is relatively long and narrow; the
length is often much greater than twice
the diameter, although similar shorter
excavations can be constructed, such as cross
passages between tunnels.

6. Sewerage
• Sewerage (or sewage system) is
the infrastructure that
conveys sewage or surface runoff (storm-
water, melt-water, rainwater) using sewers.
• It encompasses components such as
receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations,
storm overflows, and screening chambers of
the combined sewer or sanitary sewer.

7. • Sewerage ends at the entry to a sewage
treatment plant or at the point of discharge into
the environment.
• It is the system of pipes, chambers, manholes,
etc. that conveys the sewage or storm water.

8. • In many cities, sewage (or municipal
wastewater) is carried together with storm-
water, in a combined sewer system, to a
sewage treatment plant.
• In some urban areas, sewage is carried
separately in sanitary sewers and runoff from
streets is carried in storm drains.

9. Components and types
• The main part of such a system is made up of
large pipes (i.e. the sewers, or "sanitary
sewers") that convey the sewage from the
point of production to the point of treatment or
discharge.

10. • Types of sanitary sewer systems that all
usually are gravity sewers include:
• Combined sewer
• Simplified sewerage
• Storm drain

11. • Sewer system infrastructure often reduces
the water table in areas, especially in densely
populated areas where rainwater (from house
roofs) is directly piped into the system, as
opposed to being allowed to be absorbed by
the soil.
• In certain areas it has resulted in a significant
lowering of the water table.

12. THANKS!