This document is a summer training report submitted by Rakesh Kumar about familiarization of a thermal power plant. It discusses the main parts of a thermal power plant including the boiler, superheater, economizer, air preheater, condensers, evaporators, feedwater heater, prime mover, cooling towers, and control room. It also describes how a thermal power plant works by converting water into steam using boilers and the functions of various equipment like superheaters, economizers, air preheaters, and cooling towers.

1. FA M I L I R I Z AT I O N O F T H E R M A L P O W E R
P L A N T
SUMMER TRAINING
REPORT
NAME RAKESH KUMAR
ROLLNO 11510871
SECTION E-8
RGTPP,KHEDAR(HISAR)
NIT KKR
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4. THERMAL POWER PLANT IS
DIVIDED NTO 4 MAIN PARTS
1)FUEL & ASH CIRCUIT
2)AIR & GAS CIRCUIT
3)FEED WATER & STEAM
4) COOLING WATER CIRCUIT
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5. MAIN PARTS OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
1) STEAM GENERATING EQUIPMENTS :
A) BOILER
B) SUPER HEATER & RE-HEATER
C) ECONOMIZER
D) AIR-PREHEATER
2 CONDENSERS
3 EVAPORATORS
4 FEED WATER HEATER
5 PRIME MOVER
6 COOLING TOWERS
7 CONTROL ROOM
8 SWITCH YARD
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6. CONVERT WATER INTO STEAM
• FIRE TUBE BOILER • WATER TUBE
BOILER
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7. • FUNCTION OF UPERHEATER TO SUPERHEAT THE
STEAM AT DESIRED TEMPERATURE.
• REMOVES THE LAST TRACES OF MOISTURE
• INCREASES THE CYCLE EFFICIENCY BY REDUCING
THE MOISTURE CONTENT FROM SATURATED
STEAM
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8. ECONOMIZER
FUNCTION OF ECONOMIZER
IS TO HEAT THE FEED WATER
SO THAT RECOVERING A
PART OF HEAT WHICH
WOULD OTHERWISE BE LOST
THROUGH FLUE GASES.
ECONOMIZER HEATS THE
FEED WATER ON ITS WAY
TO BOILER
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9. AIR PREHEATER
SINCE THE ENTIRE HEAT OF FLUE
GASES CAN’T BE EXTRACTED BY
THE ECONOMIZER SO AIR PRE
HEATER IS USED TO RECOVER
SOME OF HEAT IN THESE GASES.
ON AVERAGE INCREASE IN 20’
TEMP IN THE AIR PREHEATER
RESULTS IN AN INCEASE IN
BOILER EFFICIENCY BY 1%.
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10. COOLING TOWERS
• Thermoelectric power plants boil water
to create steam, which then spins
turbines to generate electricity. The
heat used to boil water can come from
burning of a fuel, from nuclear
reactions, or directly from the sun or
geothermal heat sources
underground. Once steam has passed
through a turbine, it must be cooled
back into water before it can be reused
to produce more electricity. Colder
water cools the steam more effectively
and allows more efficient electricity
generation .
• FOR THAT’S PURPOSE COOLING
TOWERS ARE USED.
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11. SWITCH YARD
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• OUTGOING LINES
• INCOIMG LINES
• BUSBARS
• TRANSFORMERS
• INSULATORS
• CIRCUIT BREAKERS , SURGE ARRESTERS

12. ASSOCIATED SYSTEMS IN SUBSTATIONS
• SUBSTATION EARTHING
• FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
• SENSORS, DETECTION SYSTEM
• WATER SPRAY SYSTEM
• FIRE PROTECTIOB CONTROL PANELS
• ALARM SYSTEMS
• OVERHEAD EARTH WIRE SHIELDING
• PROTECTION SYSTEM
• CONTROL CABLES
• CIRCUIT BREAKERS
• CTs , VTs etc.
• Protective relay panels
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13. ELECTROSTATIC PRECTIPITAOR
• ESP works on the principle of electrostatic attraction. In this
phenomenon a negatively charged particle or molecule is attracted
to a positively charged molecule. In ESP, the flue gas passes into a
chamber where the individual particles of fly ash are given an
electrical charge (Negative Charge) by the absorption of a negative
ion from a high voltage Negative DC ionizing field. So for that we
have to provide a high voltage of DC in a chamber where a high
voltage negative corona will generate and all the particles will be
ionized.
• Ionization of gases and charging of dust particles with the help of
corona generation.
• Movement of the particles to the collector plates & their Deposition
• Removing particles from the collecting surface with the help of
hammer.
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14. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
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