The document provides an overview of a thermal power plant, including its key components and operations. It discusses the introduction and breakdown of India's power sources. The main parts of a thermal power plant are described, such as the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, and cooling towers. Diagrams illustrate the steam generation and electricity production processes. Site selection factors for thermal power plants include transportation access, geology, topography, water resources, and proximity to population centers.

1. WELCOME TO ALL OF YOU

2. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
AJAY KUMAR GURG ENGINEERING COLLEGE GHAZIABAD

3. INTRODUCTION
THERMAL POWER PLANT OVERVIEW
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS AND CONCEPTS
TURBINE
 SWITCH YARD
SITE SELECTION FOR THERMAL POWER
PLANT
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
IN THIS PRESENTATION

4. • India is one of the world’s largest consumer of energy
• Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear.
• Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal.
• Installed capacity – 1,61,352MW
– Thermal = 95151.74MW
– Nuclear = 4,120MW
– Hydro = 36877.76MW
– solar = 1324.41MW
• Annual power production – 680 billion KWH
INTRODUCTION

5. Break up of Power
• Thermal Power Plants – 75%
• Hydro Electric Power Plants - 20%
• Nuclear Power Plants - 4%
• Solar power plants – 1%
• Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW
• 30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in
transmission and distribution

7. The state government decided in July 2014 to add another unit of 660 MW to the power
plant. July 2015: The 660 MW unit will be constructed by Toshiba and will take four
years to complete.

8. Coal
Chemical
Energy
Super Heated
Steam
Pollutants
Thermal
Energy
Turbine
Torque
Heat Loss
In
Condenser
Kinetic
Energy
Electrical
Energy
Alternating current
in Stator
Mech.
Energy LossASH
Heat
Loss
Elet. Energy
Loss
SIMPLE STEPS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION:

9. Operations In Thermal Power Station
Step wise operations in a thermal
power plant are as follows:-
Coal is used as a fuel to boil the
water.
Water is boiled to form
pressurized steam.
Pressurized steam is the force that
cause the turbine to rotate at a very
high speed.
Low pressure steam after pushing
through the turbine ,it’s going into
the condenser.
Condenser – the place where the
steam is condensed back it it’s liquid
form .Then the process is
repeated

10. Coal Storage
Coal Handling
Plant
Ash Storage
Ash Handling
Plant Boiler Super
Heater
Economizer
Air
Pre-heater
Generator ExciterTurbine
Chi
mne
y
Cooling
Tower
Make up
Water
Air
Coal
Ash
COAL
ASH
STEAM
WATER
FLUE GASES
Boiler feed
pump
CondenserCEP
Deaerator
ESP

11. Main parts of the plant are :
1. Coal handling Plant
2. DM Plant
3. Boiler
4. Super heater
5. Air preheater and
Economizer
6. Deaerator
7. Turbine
8. Condenser
9. Cooling towers
10. Electrostatic precipitator
11. Smoke stack(Chimney)
12. Generator
13. Transformers
14. Control room &
Switchyard
COMPONENTS

12. Ground Hopper
V1 V2 V3
DRC
I/C
RSC
PRIMARY CRUSHER HOUSE
SECOND. CRUSHER HOUSE
SM
BUNKER

13. DOUBLE ROLL CHRUSHER

14. DM PLANT
•The main aim of the DM Plant is to de-mineralize the raw
water coming from a water source (in this case PALDA river
nearby) from any mineral presence by chemical dosing which
may be harmful to the pipeline and boilers.
•Cooling tower also comes under DM Plant.

15. Cooling Tower
• The warm water is taken from the
condenser tubes to about a quarter
of the way up the cooling tower.
• This breaks the water up into a
very fine spray, increasing the
surface area of the water droplets
making it easier to cool.
• The cooling tower is designed as a
natural draught chimney, drawing
cold air from outside through the
falling water.
• Cool water is collected in pond at
the bottom of the cooling tower.
• From here it is pumped back to
the condensers .

16. • To produce steam boiler converts
energy, in the form of coal, into steam
• The boiler is lined with steel tubing in
which pure boiler feed water is turned
to steam by the heat created from the
burning of coal
This plant contains two types of boilers
namely:
I. AFBC(Atmospheric Fluidized Bed
Combustion)
II. WHRB(Waste Heat Recovery Boiler)
Boiler

17. AFBC #1 =125TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²
AFBC #2 =75 TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²
WHRB #1=37TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²
WHRB #2=37TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²
WHRB#3=11.5TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²
WHRB#4=11.5TPH, 490°c,65kg/cm²
Boiler details :
TPH=TONNES PER HOUR

18. Waste Heat Recovery
Boiler(WHRB):-
In this type the products of combustion
pass through the tubes which are
surrounded by water.
Atmospheric Fluidized Bed
Combustion(AFBC):-
In this type of boiler water flows inside
the tubes and hot gases flow outside the
tubes. These tubes are interconnected to
common water channels and to steam
outlet.
BOILERS:
•The AFBC boilers have many advantages over the WHRB
boilers
•High evaporation capacity due to availability of large heating
surface.
•Better heat transfer to the mass of water.
•Better efficiency of plant owing to rapid and uniform
circulation of water in tubes.
•Better overall control.

19. This fan forces the atmospheric air
through the boiler furnace and
pushes out the hot gases from the
furnace through superheater,
reheater, economizer and air heater
to stacks.
Forced Draught (FD) Fan
 Here a fan called ID fan is
provided at the outlet of boiler,
that is, just before the chimney.
This fan sucks hot gases from the
furnace through the superheaters,
economizer, reheater and
discharges gas into the chimney.
Induced Draught (ID) Fan
BOILER AUXILLARY :
Primary air fans (PA) are high pressure fans used to
supply the air for the transportation of coal directly to
the furnace .
Primary air (PA) fan:-

20. ECONOMISER
Flue gases coming out of the boiler carries
lot of heat.
ECONOMISER extracts a part of heat
from the flue gases and uses for heating the
feed water.
Thus improves efficiency of plant.
Temp. inside ECONOMISER is about 315
deg c.

21. AIR PREHEATER
It is used to preheat the air before
entering into furnace.
It is a heat exchanger in which
some further heat is extracted from
the flue gases and use to heat the
coming air for combustion.

22. BOILER CIRCUIT WITH ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

23. GENERATOR
this is the unit of the thermal power plant where the mechanical energy
of the turbine is used to convert into the electrical energy . It uses the
faradays law of electromagnetic induction for the production of the
electricity. The alternator in the harduaganj plant generates the 11KV
output which is supplied to the generating transformer

24. EXCITER
GEAR
BOX
ALTENATOR
P
M
G
TURBINE
AVR
3 Ø
SUPPLY
TO LOAD
INLET TEMP = 484 ±5°C
INLET PRS = 62-65KG/cm²
SPEED= 7000 RPM
TURBINE GENERATOR SET
STEAM
coupling
Main Components of Typical TG SET
consists of:
1. Permanent Magnet Generator
(PMG)
2. Automatic Voltage Regulator
(AVR)
3. BRUSHLESS EXCITER
4. GEAR BOX
5. ALTERNATER
6. TURBINE

25. PMG
3Ø
supply to
load
AVR
ɜ ɜ
3 Ø
AC
ɜ
ɜ
+
-
RECTIFIER
DC SUPPLY
DC SUPPLY
STATOR=MAGNETIC
FIELD
ROTOR= EMF STEAM
BRUSHLESS
EXCITER
ALTERNATOR
TURBINE
ROTOR= FIELD
STATOR =EMF
WORKING OF TUBINE GENERATOR
stator=
PM
Field
exciter
switch

26. 11KV/132 KV
s
GENERATOR
DISTRIBUTION
11KV/415V
TRANSFORMER
11 KV
KHURJA MAINPURI ATARAULI SASNI JANGIRABADUTILIZATION
HOUSEINDUSTRIES MALLS /
SHOPS
11 KV
132KV/ 11KV
TRANSFORMER
11 KV
9/19/2016

27. Circulating Water Pumps
• The circulating water pumps are used
to circulate the water from the
cooling tower to the condenser and
back again
Boiler Feed Pump
• The boiler feed pump pumps water
into the boiler, overcoming the boiler
pressure of 160 bar to achieve it
• The pump is driven by a steam
turbine or an electric motor
• It runs at 7,000 revolutions per
minute

28. SUPER HEATER
Super heater is used to remove the moisture
content
from the steam.
Super heater raises the temperature of steam
above 540 degree C.
Advantages of super heater
1. Increases efficiency
2. Reduces corrosion of turbine blades.

29. Low Pressure Feed Heaters
• Feed water from the condensate
extraction pumps passes through low
pressure feed heaters. Steam is used
to heat the feed water
• After the last feed heater, the feed
water is at around 160°C.
High Pressure Feed Heaters
• With a similar purpose to the low
pressure feed heaters, the high
pressure feed heaters are the last
stage of feed water heating before the
feed water enters the boiler system at
the economizer
• Feed water leaving these heaters is at
250°C

30. Condenser
• With its useful energy spent in the
turbines the steam then passes to
condensers
• Here it is condensed back into water
and pumped back to the boiler
• This happens via a series of low
pressure and high pressure feed
heaters
Condensate Extraction Pump
• The condensate water is drawn from
the condenser by the extraction pump
and sent to the low pressure feed
heaters
Deaerator
• A deaerator is a device that is
widely used for the removal of air
and other dissolved gases from
the feed water to steam-
generating boiler.

31. 132 KV SWITCHYARD
Electrical switchyards are usually part of a substation where
electricity is transformed from one voltage to another for the
transmission, distribution
31

32. MAIN COMPONENTS OF
SWITCHYARD
1.TRANSFORMER
2.CURRENT TRANSFORMER
3.POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
4.CIRCUIT BREAKER
5.ISOLATOR
6.INSULATOR
7.LIGHTNING ARRESTOR
8.BUS BAR
32

33. TRANSFORMER
Transformer is the most
convenient device for transfer
of power from one voltage to
another voltage at the same
frequency. It works on the
principle of electromagnetic
induction.
33
Transformers are of two types:
STEP-UP TRANSFORMER –
Step-up the voltage at secondary side called step up transformer.
STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER –
Step-down the voltage at secondary side are called step-down
transformer.

34. CT is a type of instrument transformer
that is used in power system for
measurement, detection, protection of
the system.
It is a device used to measure large
current by scaling large primary current
to a smaller , easy to measure,
secondary current.
34
CURRENT TRANSFORMER

35. LIGHTNING ARRESTER
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical
power systems to protect the insulation on the
system from the damaging effect of lightning
USES OF LIGHTNING ARRESTER
It protect the equipment from lightning stroke.
Lightning arrester is used to provide path to
unwanted excessive currents.
35

36. • Fuel used is cheaper
• Smaller space is required compared to hydro power
plant
• Economical in initial cost compared to hydro plants
and running costs are less compared to gas plants or
diesel plants
• Thermal plants can be placed near load centers unlike
hydro and nuclear plants. Hence transmission of
power losses can be minimized
• Thermal plants are able to respond to the load
demand more effectively and supports the
performance of the electrical grid
ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL POWER
PLANT

37. SITE SELECTION
• Transportation network: Easy and enough access to
transportation network is required in both power plant
construction and operation periods.
• Geology and soil type: The power plant should be built in an
area with soil and rock layers that could stand the weight and
vibrations of the power plant.
• Topography: It is proved that high elevation has a negative
effect on production efficiency of gas turbines. In addition,
changing of a sloping area into a flat site for the construction
of the power plant needs extra budget. Therefore, the
parameters of elevation and slope should be considered.

38. • Water resources: For the construction and operating of
power plant different volumes of water are required. This
could be supplied from either rivers or underground water
resources. Therefore having enough water supplies in
defined vicinity can be a factor in the selection of the site.
•Population centers: For the same reasons as above, the
site should have an enough distance from population
centers.
• Area size: Before any other consideration, the minimum
area size required for the construction of power plant
should be defined.