The document describes various pieces of laboratory equipment used in chemistry experiments. It provides details on the structure, materials, and uses of common items like test tubes, beakers, funnels, burettes, pH meters, and balances. These tools are essential for carrying out reactions, measurements, and analyses safely and accurately in a chemistry laboratory setting.

1. Test Tube
1. A test tube is a tube like structure where sample is
kept for the chemical reaction.
2. It is made up of glass opens at the top and
closed at the bottom.
3. It is used for the sample to kept for the chemical
reactions which is proceed to change the
 Colour
 Odour
 Gives precipitate
 State ( Solid, Liquid or Gas )

2. Test Tube Stand
1. A test tube stand is holding stand
for the test tube in which a moulds
shape of the test tube given to hold
the test tube.
2. It is made up of plastic or wood
designed according to the test tube
shape.
3. One test tube stand can hold at least
6 test tube. It contains
 Rack like structure
 Which hold multiple test tubes

3. Test Tube Holder
1. A test tube holder is used to hold test tube.
2. It is used for holding a test tube in place when the
tube is hot or should not be touched.
3. It is made of stainless steel fitted into wood to hold
the test tube with carefully hold cold place

4. Tongs
1. A tong is like a forceps to hold any object which are
used in the pharmaceutical laboratory.
2. It is made up of stainless steel which have a cross
like structure.
3. It hold object such as
 Porcelain
 Test tube
 Any hazardous solid state sample
 Transfer of hot water from one
beaker to another

5. Nessler Cylinder
1. A cylindrical tube which are open at the top and
close at the bottom which are flat.
2. It is made up of glass having with mark at 25 ml and
50 ml to makeup volume during performing limit
test.
3. It is used to perform limit test of
 Chloride
 Sulphate
 Iron
 Lead

6. Gutzeit Apparatus
1. The apparatus consists of a wide-necked bottle of
about 200 cc. capacity, closed by a rubber bung
perforated with one hole, in which is held vertically
a narrow glass tube joined at its upper end to a wider
glass tube about 1 inch in diameter and 3inch in
length
2. It is made up of glass.
3. It is used for Arsenic limit test for the identification
of arsenic presence in sample. Mercuric chloride
paper is used for stain.

7. Beaker
1. A cylindrical container which are opens at the top
and closed at the bottom.
2. It’s marking are not necessarily accurate for the
measuring of accurate volume of liquid.
3. It is available in various variety of size
 20 ml
 50 ml
 80 ml
 250 ml
 500 ml

8. Funnel
1. A tube or pipe which is wide
at the top and narrow at the
bottom.
2. It is used for guiding liquid
or powder into a small
opening.
3. It is available in various
variety of size
 Very small
 Small
 Large
 Very Large

9. Volumetric Flask
1. A narrow neck flask which are opens at the top
and closed at the bottom which are having
round to the bottoms.
2. Volumetric flask are used to measure and store
solutions with a high degree of accuracy. Which
possess a marking near the top that indicate the
volume of liquid equal to the outside written.
3. It is available in various variety of size
 100 ml
 250 ml
 500 ml
 1000 ml

10. Tripod Stand
1. A stand having three legs to touch surface
attached with triangle lid.
2. It is made up of iron .
3. It is used for
 Heating thermolabile substances
 Filteration

11. Wire Gauze
1. A wire gauze is a mesh like
structure sheet having a circle paper
at the centre of mesh to protect
direct flame of bunsen burner.
2. It is made up of wire having iron
metallic nature.
3. It is used for the sample to heat but
avoid direct flame heating by
putting it on tripod stand on which
water bath is putted on.

12. Water Bath
1. A water bath is a item which
contains water to heat indirectly
any content present in beaker..
2. It is made up of metals which
contain water in cavity.
3. It is used for the sample to kept
under indirect heat.

13. Spatula
1. A spatula is a metalic long spoon like structure to
transfer sample into test tube or to weigh sample on
digital balance.
2. It is made up of stainless steel to avoid any
corrosion.
3. It is used for the
 sample to transfer into test
 weigh sample on digital balance.

14. Condenser
1. A Condenser is a long tube having two radial
external and internal. Inner radius has two openings
at top and bottom. External radius has side opening.
2. It is made up of glass having highly thermal
radiation of steam.
3. It is used for vapours to condense into liquid.

15. Round Bottom Flask
1. A narrow neck flask which are opens at the top
and closed at the bottom which are having
round to the bottoms.
2. Round Bottom Flask are used to kept sample
for the synthesis. It is a long process takes 2 to
more than 5 hours.
3. It is available in various variety of size
 100 ml
 250 ml
 500 ml
 1000 ml

16. Reagent Bottle
1. Reagent bottle is a container to keep
reagent like HCl.
2. Reagent bottle has cork to prevent
drainage of liquid and prevent the
contamination.

17. Wash Bottle
1. A wash bottle is plastic bottle contains a tube like
structure in the cavity to drip water outside.
2. It is made up of plastic.
3. It is used for :
 Rinse the slide.
 Addition of water.

18. Bunsen Burner
1. A bunsen burner contains nozzle for the flame.
2. It is made up of metal and attached with the
rubber pipe to transfer of LPG gas as a fuel.
3. It is used for the heating purpose and for the
synthesis of drugs such as picric acid, aspirin
etc.

19. Spirit Lamp
1. A spirit lamp is lamp which is filled with
fuels.
2. It is made up of metals where fuel kept and
fibre expelled for existing fire.
3. It is used for the heating purpose in
emergency conditions.

20. Glass Rod
1. A glass rod is a long rod.
2. It is made up of glass.
3. It is used for mixing of chemical in the
beaker and also used to dip litmus paper
to check the pH of the solution.

21. Petri Dish
1. A petri dish is a round flat bottom.
2. It is made up of glass.
3. It is used as :
 Culture preparation ( microbiology)
 Making copper solution in pharmaceutical
laboratory.
 Find angle of repose in pharmaceutics etc.

22. Pippete
1. A pipette is long tube marked in ml
rubber bulb is at top to suck liquid.
2. It is made up of glass and rubber bulb to
transfer liquid or hazardous chemical
into reaction medium.
3. It is having different volumes varies
 1 ml
 2 ml
 5 ml
 10 ml

23. Dropper
1. A dropper is long tube which is attached to the bulb
rubber. The tip of the tube is very narrow to suck
liquid into long tube.
2. It is made up of glass and rubber to intake water into
tube.
3. It is used for :
 Transfer of liquid in drops
 To add reagent in test tube.

24. Burette
1. A devices used for quantitative analysis for
measuring liquid solution during titration. Basically
used for measure amount of titrant used during
reaction.
2. The volume of liquid used is given as :
V = Vinitial – Vfinal
3. The burette contains 50 ml volume of liquid which is
added drop by drop in titrand.

25. Burette Stand
1. Burette stand is used to hold burette in
vertical position in which knob of
burette at the bottom to drop titrant
from burette.
2. It is made up of metals such as iron
and insulating rubber at holding arm.

26. Conical Flask
1. A Conical flask is a conical shaped
structure having one opening at top
and bottom of conical flask is flat.
2. It is made up of glass to clearly
determine the end point during
titration.
3. It is used to keep sample for the
titration

27. Separating Funnel
1. A separating funnel is a equipment or glassware
which have a cork at the top and knob at the bottom.
2. It is made up of transparent glass which is ease to
determine the two partitioned phases.
3. It is used the determination of partition coefficient
and clearly observe the interfacial film layer between
the two phases :
 One is hydrophilic
 One is hydrophobic

28. Measuring Cylinder
1. A measuring cylinder is long tube opens at the top
and closed at the bottom having marked in ml.
2. It is made up of glass to easily determine the
volume of liquid in ml.
3. It is highly accurate measuring marks which exactly
measures the volume of liquid.

29. pH Paper
2. pH paper is used to determine if a
solution is acidic, basic or neutral.
1. pH paper is called litmus paper which
is used to dip into solution to
determine medium.
3. If litmus gives colour above 7, then it
called basic medium. If litmus gives colour
below 7, then it called acidic midium.

30. Digital pH Meter
A pH Meter is an electronic device which is used for measuring the pH. The pH
is either the concentration of Hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution or the active
number of Hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. The pH scale can measure that
how acidic or basic a solution is. The pH scale has range of from 0 to14.

31. Digital Conductivity Meter
An digital conductivity meter measures the electrical conductivity in a
solution.

32. Magnetic Stirrer
1. A magnetic stirrer is a device widely used
in laboratories and consists of a rotating
magnet or a stationary electromagnet that
creates a rotating magnetic field.
2. This device is used to make a stir bar,
immerse in a liquid, quickly spin, or stirring
or mixing a solution.
3. They have a magnetic bead which is placed
in the solution to rotate under the influence
of magnetic field.

33. Digital Balance
1. A digital balance is a weighing
instrument which is used to way
chemicals.
2. They have top flat surface where sample
is kept to weigh amount necessarily for
practical.
3. It consist of various buttons to control as
 on/off button
 Unit button
 Pcs button
 Tare button

34. Melting Point Apparatus
1. A melting-point apparatus is a scientific
instrument used to determine the melting point
of a substance.
2. Melting points are often used to characterize
organic and inorganic crystalline compounds
and to ascertain their purity.