This document provides information about the subject of pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry. It discusses the meaning and branches of pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry, as well as the importance and applications of inorganic compounds. It also outlines the topics that will be covered in 5 units, including pharmacopoeia, acids and bases, gastrointestinal agents, expectorants and emetics, and radiopharmaceuticals. The units will cover commonly used inorganic compounds for various therapeutic purposes and their properties.

1. Subject Teacher – Kartik Tiwari
Designation – Lecturer
Subject Code – BP104T

2. “ The Right Choice for a Promising Future”
The word ‘Pharmacy’ is derived from the Greek word ‘pharmakon’, meaning drug.
General sense – It is a place or shop where medicines are sold.
Professional sense – It is the profession, the members of which deals with drugs
Pharmakon Drug
The word pharmacy has two meanings :

4. 1. To know about the sources of impurities and methods to determine the
impurities present in inorganic compounds.
2. To understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic
compounds.
3. To know about the preparation, properties and use of inorganic compound.

5.  Pharmaceutical inorganic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the
chemical, biochemical, pharmacological as well as their preparation and aspects
of inorganic compounds.
 It includes study of all the elements and their compounds except carbon that are
used for therapeutic purpose.
Application
1. Pharmaceutical inorganic compounds are used in the treatment of
gastrointestinal disorders, expectorants as well as emetics.
2. It is used in quantitative or semi-quantitative measurement of impurities present
in the pharmaceutical inorganic compounds.
3. It is used in the synthesis of antacids, dental products, radio-pharmaceutical
compounds etc.

6. UNIT - I
Pharmacopoeia
Pharmacopoeia is an government authorized official standard book
containing a list of medicinal drugs with their effects and directions for
their use.

7. Any unwanted foreign matter present in a compound which are differ from the
actual molecular formula.
 Raw materials
 Manufacturing defects
 Faulty storage
 Adulteration
 Chemical instability
 Microbial contamination
Sources of impurities

8. Limit test is defined as quantitative or semi- quantitative test designed to be
identify and control small quantities of impurity which is likely to be present
in the substance.
Types of Limit test
 Limit test for Chlorides
 Limit test for Sulphate
 Limit test for Iron
 Limit test for Arsenic
 Limit test for Lead and Heavy metals.

9. Unit-II
Acids
An acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton
(hydrogen ion) to another substance.
Examples -:
Sulfuric acid, Nitric acid, Hydrochloric acid etc.
Properties of Acids
• Acids are corrosive in nature.
• They are good conductors of electricity.
• Their pH values are always less than 7.
• Acids are sour in taste.

10. Bases
A base is a molecule or ion which are able to accept a hydrogen ion from an
acid.
sodium hydroxide, calcium carbonate etc.
Examples -:
Properties of Bases
• These substances release hydroxide ions
(OH– ions) when dissolved in water.
• In their aqueous solutions, bases act as
good conductors of electricity.
• The pH values corresponding to bases
are always greater than 7.
• Bases are bitter-tasting substances.

11. Buffer
A buffer is a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition small
amount of an acidic or basic components.
Acetic acid (weak organic acid w/ formula CH3COOH) and a salt containing
its conjugate base, the acetate anion (CH3COO-), such as sodium acetate
(CH3COONa)

12. Electrolytes are minerals in your
blood and other body fluids that
carry an electric charge.

13. Dental products are those substances which prevent the dental caries, dental
decay and give the freshness and cleanness to the mouth and teeth. In market it
is mainly available in the form of toothpaste, tooth powder, mouthwash, tooth
gel, dentifrice etc.

14. UNIT - III
Acidifiers :-
These are the agents which counteract the
deficiency of acidic environment in stomach.
Examples :- Dilute HCl
Antacids :-
Antacids are those substances which reduces
gastric acidity, resulting in increase pH of
stomach above 4.
Example :- Calcium carbonate
Gastrointestinal (GI) agents are those agents which are used in the treatment of
GI disorders.

15. These are agents, which prevent the infection from microbes like bacteria, virus,
algae, fungi etc.
1. Antibiotics agents - Those agent
which is work against the bacterial
infection.
2. Antifungal agents - Those agent
which is work against the fungal
infection.
3. Antiviral agents - Those agent which
is work against the viral infection.
4. Disinfectant - These are the substance
which prevents infection by complete
destruction of micro-organisms.

16. UNIT - IV
These are the agents which helps in removal of sputum from the respiratory tract
that have to be expelled by coughing.
On basis of mechanism of action expectorant are of two types :
1. Sedative Expectorant
2. Stimulant Expectorant
Potassium Iodide Ammonium Chloride
Chemical Formula - KI Chemical Formula - NH4Cl

17. Emetics are the agents which are administered to induced vomiting.
On basis of mechanism of action vomiting induced :
1. By stimulation of chemoreceptor trigger zone.
2. By reflux producing irritation on G.I.T tract.
Copper Sulphate Sodium potassium tartrate
Chemical For. – CuSO4 Chemical For. – KNaC4H4O6

18. Haematinics are the drug that increases the amount of haemoglobin in the
blood.
Examples :-
Ferrous Sulphate, vitamin B12, and
iron
Its generally iron/ferrous containing
compounds which are used in the treatment
of iron deficiency anaemia for the
formation of blood by the process of
hematopoiesis.

19. An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning.
An poison is a substance( Solid, Liquid, Gas) that when introduce into or absorbed
by a living organism cause serious illness or death.

20. Astringent are those agents which precipitate the
protein if they applied to the protein containing
surface.
Astringent is a drug that react Chemically with
cellular proteins producing limited coagulation
which is accompanied with shrinkage of body
tissues.
Astringent protects from external irritation and
reduces cellular permeability.
It also possesses local styptic and local antiseptic
actions.

21. UNIT - V
Radiopharmaceuticals are the pharmaceutical formulation consisting of
radioactive substances, which are intended for use either in diagnosis or therapy.