2. small, naturally occurring, inorganic, chemical elements
Inorganic: being or composed of matter other than plant
or animal
serve as structural components and in many vital processes
in the body
Account 3% body weight
3. 1. Are constituent of bone & teeth (calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium)
2. Control the composition of body fluid
(extracellular & blood= sodium & chloride )
(intracellular = Potassium,phosphorus,
magnesium)
3. Incorporate into protein (sulphur is part of A.A
methionine & cysteine).
4. Iron is essential for formation of hemoglobin and
normal health of blood.
5. Several minerals participate as cofactors for in
metabolism (e.9. Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, K).
4. 6. Some elements are essential constituents of
certain enzymes (e.g. Co, Mo, Se).
7. Some elements like Selenium along with
vitamain E are involved in antioxidation of
different metabolic radicals
5. • The minerals are classified
1. principal elements (macrominerals)
1. trace elements (microminerals)
6. Principal Elements (macrominerals)
constitute 60-80% of the body,s inorganic material. These are calcium,
phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur.
• The principal elements are required in amounts greater than 100 mg/day.
• The trace elements (microminerals) are required in amounts less than 100
mg/day.
• lron, copper, iodine, manganese, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, fluorine,
selenium and chromium.
• They are subdivided into
• three categories
• 1. Essential trace elements : lron, copper, iodine, manganese/z inc,
molybdenum, cobalt, fluorine, selenium and chromium.
• 2. Possiblye ssentiatl race elements: Nickel, vanadium, cadmium and barium.
• 3. Non-essentiatlr ace elements: Aluminium lead, mercury, boron, silver,
bismuth etc.
7. increases the interaction between actin and myosin.
Essential for development of bones and teeth and plays a
central role for the formation and utilizationo f high-energ
Neuromuscular irratabilily
low se sodium level Hyponatremiareduced blood pressure
and circulatory failure. regulates the body's acidbasebalance.
required for the maintenance oosmotic pressurea nd flu balance.
Hypokalemia
Hypochloremia Muscle weaknessMuscle twitching
8.
9. Copper containig protiens
Intestinalabsorption of copperMnk d
anemia and dipigmentation of hair
CrStunted physical and mental growth, MyCutaneous and dermal edema, thick tongue
Megaloblastic anemiamany large immature and
dysfunctional RBC
Enlarged and rigid heart muscle
Editor's Notes
demineraIization of bone resulting in the progressive loss of bone mass, rickets low levels ofvitamin D in the body or due to a dietary deficiencv of Ca and P-or both, Osteomalacia is softening of bone , osteomalacia in children rickets.
demineraIization of bone resulting in the progressive loss of bone mass, rickets low levels ofvitamin D in the body or due to a dietary deficiencv of Ca and P-or both, Osteomalacia is softening of bone , osteomalacia in children rickets.