5. Calcium Deficiency symptoms
1. Calcium deficiency symptoms are related to the symptoms of deficiency of
phosphorus and vitamin D like
Rickets
Oestomalacia
Tetany
Sources
Milk and milk products
Fish, egg and sea foods like crab & prawns
Green leafy vegetables, whole grain cereals,
pulses and nuts
Rich sources
Good sources
6. Functions
1. Building function
Formation of bones and teeth
Body growth
2. Regulation of body processes
Blood clotting
Regulate heart beat & helps in the contraction
of heart muscles
Regulates permeability of cell membrane
Maintains the acid-base balance in blood
Acts as a catalyst in the formation of
hormones and helps in the synthesis of some
enzymes
Helps to carry message from one nerve to
another.
8. IRON
Iron is the important mineral among all trace elements .There is
only 4-5gms of iron in the body and most of it is present in
hemoglobin .Rest of the iron is deposited in liver, spleen, kidneys
and bone marrow in the form of ferritin. It is considered essential as
it is needed to make haemoglobin, a part of blood cells.
9. FUNCTIONS OF
IRON TRANSPORTATION OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE - A
compound named haemoglobin is present in the red blood cells. Its
main constituent is iron which imparts red colour to the blood. The
main function of haemoglobin is to transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide in blood. It receives oxygen from lungs and carries to
different tissues of the body in the form of oxy-haemoglobin and
carries carbon dioxide in the form of carboxy-heamoglobin from
tissues to lungs. This oxygen is supplied to the body and carbon
dioxide is excreted out. This is a lifelong continuous process in the
body.
10. FUNCTIONS OF
IRON
Iron in the form of myoglobin in muscles stores
oxygen and uses it for movement of muscles.
Iron in the enzymes of cells helps in the
metabolism of carbohydrates, fats amd proteins.
Iron saves the body from infections.
11. EFFECTS OF DEFICIENCY OF IRON
Deficiency of iron causes anaemia. Various causes of anaemia are-
1. Insufficient amount of Iron in the diet
2. Low RBC count or immature RBC
3. Deficiency of blood because of external or internal
bleeding. Like in accidents, menstruation, blood donation
etc.
4. Deficiency of folic acid , cobalt or vitamin C in diet
causing malabsorption of iron.
5. In certain diseases like typhoid, malaria or intestinal
disorders.
6. Increased requirement of iron in the body like in
pregnancy, lactations and growth periods.
12. SYMPTOMS OF ANAEMIA
Women are more likely to be anaemic than men. In this disease, blood
haemoglobin level is low than the normal.
Its symptoms are as follows:-
1. Patient feels weak and fatigued.
2. Eyes, nails and tongue become pale, weak eyesight and black circles under the
eyes.
3. Dull and split end hair
4. Flat, fragile and spoon shaped nails.
5. Headache , giddiness and difficulty in breathing.
6. Loss of appetite and burning sensations in the stomach.
7. Stunted physical growth in children.
13. SOURCES OF IRON
Absorption of iron is less as compared to the iron obtained from animal
products because of presence of inhibitor in vegetable food products.
21. Excess
More thyroxine secretion
Increased energy metabolism
Thinning of body
More appetite
Bulging eyes
SOURCES
Sea salt
Sea shore vegetables
Onion
Garlic
Iodized salt
23. Zinc
Zinc is a very essential mineral though it is need in a very
small quantity.
Zinc is also called trace elements.
Helps in maintaining healthy immune system.
Sense of smell in a person is also related to zinc.
Helps in cell communication by functioning as neuro
transmitter.
24. FUNCTIONS OF ZINC
1.Healthy Immune
Function.
2.Helps In Functioning Of
Macrophage And
Neurophil.
3.Activates T-lymphocytes.
lymphocytes.
4.Healthy Skin And
Maintenance Of Mucous
Membranes.
25. 6.Reduces Symptoms Of Severe Diarrhoea In Children.
7.Zinc In Our Diet Along With Other Vitamins Prevents Or Reduces Age
Related Muscular Eye Damage.
8.Healthy Hair.
9.Alcoholics, Vegetarians,lactating And Pregnant Women, Infants Who
Are Breastfed
Even After 6 Months Of Age Have Gastro-intestinal Diseases
10.Zinc Can Disrupt Absorption Of Copper And Iron When Taken In
Large Quantity.
26. DEFICIENCY
1. depress the immune system
2. less zinc in a person can make him
susceptible to pneumonia and infection in
children.
3. wound healing is adversely effected
4. skin rashes and ill health of mucosa
5. less zinc can cause muscular eye damage
6. deficiency of zinc disturb enzyme
functioning
27. SOURCE
Zinc is mostly found in non-
vegetarian food. lamb, beef,
lobster, roasted peanuts, etc.
dried watermelon seeds and
dark chocolates are also good
source of zinc.
15 mg of zinc is
recommended daily
