The influence of vitamins, macro and microelements on metabolic processes in the human body. this is ppt for my college , please enjoy

1. Topic (IWS) - The influence of vitamins, macro-
and microelements on metabolic processes in the
human body.
Submitted to- Rosa Ma’am
By- Shashwat Awasthie
265 Group(General Medicine)
Department of Department of General and
Biological Chemistry.

2. Introduction
1. Micronutrients are one of the major groups of nutrients
your body needs.
2. They include vitamins and minerals.
3. Vitamins are necessary for energy production, immune
function, blood clotting and other functions.
4. Meanwhile, minerals play an important role in growth,
bone health, fluid balance and several other processes.

3. 1. Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—
because acting in concert, they perform hundreds of roles in the
body.
2. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune
system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular
damage.
3. There are 13 essential vitamins — vitamins A, C, D, E, K, and the
B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin,
B6, B12, and folate).

4. 1. Thiamine, one of the water-soluble vitamins, is especially important in glucose
metabolism.
2. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes that break down glucose for energy
production. Additionally, thiamine plays a role in the synthesis of ribose from
glucose and is therefore required for RNA, DNA, and ATP synthesis.
3. Riboflavin, also a water-soluble vitamin, is an essential component of
flavoproteins, which are coenzymes involved in many metabolic pathways of
carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism.

5. ● Biotin (water-soluble vitamin) is required as a coenzyme in the citric acid cycle and in
lipid metabolism. It is also required as an enzyme in the synthesis of glucose, fatty
acids, and some nonessential amino acids and carries carbon dioxide (CO2) away from
the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle).
● Folate is a required coenzyme for the synthesis of the amino acid methionine, and for
making RNA and DNA. Therefore, rapidly dividing cells are most affected by folate
deficiency.

6. Carbohydrates-
1. Fuel during high intensity exercise
2. Spares protein (to preserve muscle mass during exercise)
3. Fuel for the central nervous system
Sources:-
1. Grains (prioritize whole grains)
2. Fruit (choose whole fruits more often than fruit juices)
3. Some vegetables, such as potatoes and peas (though, most
vegetables contain at least a small amount of
carbohydrates)
4. Dairy (choose low-fat or non-fat most often)
5. Sugar (limit added sugar intake)
Macronutrients are those nutrients that the body needs in
large amounts. These provide the body with energy
(calories).

7. Proteins
1. Tissue structure (part of organ tissues, muscle, hair, skin, nails,
bones, tendons, ligaments and blood plasma)
2. Part of cell plasma membranes
3. Involved in metabolic, transport, and hormone systems
4. Make up enzymes that regulate metabolism
5. Involved in acid/base balance to maintain a neutral environment in
our bodies.

8. SOURCES:-
1. Legumes (beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, peanuts)
2. Soy products, such as tofu and tempeh
3. Nuts
4. Whole grains (brown rice, whole wheat, oats, corn, quinoa,
sorghum, millet, and many more!)
5. Seeds
6. Meat alternative products (often made with pea protein, soy
protein, and/or wheat gluten)
7. Animal sources

9. Fats
1. Energy reserve
2. Protects vital organs
3. Insulation
4. Transport fat soluble vitamins
SOURCES:-
Oils
Nuts
Seeds
Avocados
Meat, fish, dairy

10. • Micronutrients play a central role in metabolism and in
the maintenance of tissue function, but effects in
preventing or treating disease which is not due to
micronutrient deficiency cannot be expected from
increasing the intake.
• Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals required in
small amounts that are essential for healthy development
and growth.
• Vitamins and minerals can be divided into four
categories: water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins,
macrominerals and trace minerals.
Micronutrients

11. 1. Microminerals are needed in larger amounts than trace minerals in order to
perform their specific roles in your body.
2. The microminerals and some of their functions are:
3. Calcium: Necessary for proper structure and function of bones and teeth. Assists
in muscle function and blood vessel contraction.
4. Phosphorus: Part of bone and cell membrane structure.
5. Magnesium: Assists with over 300 enzyme reactions, including regulation of
blood pressure.
6. Sodium: Electrolyte that aids fluid balance and maintenance of blood pressure .
7. Chloride: Often found in combination with sodium. Helps maintain fluid
balance and is used to make digestive juices .
8. Potassium: Electrolyte that maintains fluid status in cells and helps with nerve
transmission and muscle function .
9. Sulphur: Part of every living tissue and contained in the amino acids methionine
and cysteine.
Macrominerals

17. REFERENCES
● https://med.libretexts.org/Courses/American_Public_University/APUS%3A_An_Introduction_to_Nutrition_(Byerley)
/Text/06%3A_Energy_Metabolism/6.03%3A_Vitamins_Important_for_Metabolism
● https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/micronutrients
● https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/index_iodine.html
● https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/training/2.1/7.html
● https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/micronutrient-malnutrition/micronutrients/index.html
● https://www.childimpact.unicef-irc.org/en/macro-micro-simulations
● https://www.ewg.org/research/how-much-is-too-much/harmful-effects-excess-vitamins-and-
minerals
● http://www.macronutrients.net/micronutrients-vs-macronutrients/
● https://slideplayer.com/slide/5952303/
● https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/micronutrients#deficiencies-and-toxicities
● https://pediaa.com/difference-between-macronutrients-and-micronutrients/
● http://www.fao.org/elearning/Course/NFSLBC/en/story_content/external_files/Essential_Nutrie
nts.pdf
● https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-macronutrients-definition-functions-examples.html
● https://quizlet.com/26388654/flashcards
● https://www.easybiologyclass.com/difference-between-micronutrients-and-macronutrients-
comparison-table/
● https://pediaa.com/difference-between-macronutrients-and-micronutrients/
● http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-micronutrients-and-
macronutrients/
● https://www.quora.com/How-do-you-differentiate-between-macro-and-Micronutrients

18. ● THANKYOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION –
● Shashwat Awasthie