3. •Water is one of the prime element responsible for life on earth .
•97 % of the water on the earth is salt water only 2.5 of the total water on
the earth is exists as fresh water .
•Around 70% of fresh water is frozen in glaciers and ice sheets.
•Only 30%of water is stored as ground water.
•The water pollution are caused by increasing industrialization and
human activites.
•Mostly the water bodies get polluted by industrial municipal and
agricultural wastes .
•Around 0.3 % of the total fresh water exists in rivers ,lack ,stream ,pond
and spring are natural resource of water.
Water
for
all
5. Rainfall
patterns
in
india
Rainfall pattern means the distribution of rain
geographically, temporally, and seasonally. The
tropics receive more rainfall than deserts. Cooler
places like the poles receive no rainfall, as it is
converted to snow before it falls to the ground
7. Rains
and
irrigation
practices Involveme
ntof
local
people
● Himachal Pradesh had a canal irrigation system
called kulhs where flowing stream water was
diverted to man-made channels which took it to
villages down the hillside.
● The water was used first by the village farthest
from the origin of the kulh. This helped water
percolate in the soil.
● It was made defunct after government irrigation
system took over.
● Dams
● Intervention of government to
pursue mega projects
neglected the local irrigation
methods
● Strict regulations on usage of
stored water and building
tanks, dams and canals
● Optimum cropping patterns
must be followed based on
water availability.
9. dams
● Dams can store large amounts of water and generate
electricity.
● Mismanagement of dams causes exploitation and there is
no equitable distribution of this resource.
● Criticism about large dams address:
(i) Displacement of tribals without compensation
(ii) Corruption and consumption of money without
generation of benefits
(iii) Environmental problems like deforestation.
Forirrigation,waterfromdamsisused.
Damwaterispurifiedandmadeavailablefordrinkingin neighbouringtowns andcities.
Hydroelectricpowerisproducedbydamsand utilisedtoproduceelectricity.
Damsstop floodingfrom takinglivesandproperty.
UsesofDams
16. ● A khadin is a construction that is designed to harvest surface
run off water for agriculture.
● It was first designed by the Paliwal Brahmins of Jaisalmer,
western Rajasthan in the 15th century.
● The 'Khadin' system of rainwater harvesting practised in
Rajasthan has a long earthen embankment known as bund,
which is built across the edges of sloping farmlands.
● The rainwater flows down the slope and is stopped by bund.
● It then flows into a reservoir.
● The water in the reservoir seeps into the land and can be used
for growing crops.
● It has a catchment area, bund, saline area and shallow dug well.
● The water from the catchment area flows down and stopped by
the bund.
● It forms a reservoir.
● If the reservoir overflows,the water goes into the shallow dug
well.
● This water from the reservoir and shallow dug well seeps down
the land and refills the ground water.
KHADIN
SYSTEM
.
