The document discusses indigenous communities in the Philippines. It defines indigenous peoples as descendants of those inhabiting a country prior to conquest or colonization who maintain distinct social, cultural and political identities. There are estimated to be between 12-17 million indigenous peoples belonging to over 100 ethnolinguistic groups across the Philippines. The majority live in Mindanao, with others scattered throughout Luzon, the Visayas islands and Palawan. The document outlines the geographic distribution and sociocultural characteristics of various indigenous communities.

1. PHILIPPINE
INDIGENOUS
COMMUNITIES

2. OBJECTIVES
Define and acquire a basic knowledge of the various concepts of indigenous
peoples in the Philippine
Express understanding of the historical, geographical and cultural conditions
Contribute to the development and awareness of the indigenous people in
the Philippines
Articulate and discuss issues and concerns related to indigenous people in
the Philippines
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3. WHATIS...
COMMUNITY
a group of people with a common
characteristic or interest living together
within a larger society

4. WHO?
INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY
Indigenous peoples live on all continents, from
the Arctic to the Pacific, via Asia, Africa and the
Americas. It is estimated that there are more
than 370 million indigenous people spread
across 70 countries worldwide.

5. Practicingunique
traditions, they retain
social, cultural,
economic
and political
characteristics that are
distinctfrom
those of the dominant
societiesinwhichthey
live.
they are the
descendants-
according to a
common definition -
ofthosewho
inhabited a country or
a geographical region
at
the time when people
ofdifferentculturesor
ethnicoriginsarrived.
Thenewarrivalslater
became dominant
through conquest,
occupation,
settlement or other
means.

6. DIFFRENCE
TRIBALVS.
INDIGENOUSPEOPLE
The International Labour Organization’s (ILO) Convention

7. Tribal peoples in independent
countries whose social,
cultural and economic
conditions
distinguish them from other
sections of the national
community, and whose status
isregulated
wholly or partially by their
own customs or traditions or
byspeciallawsorregulations;
TRIBAL
Peoplesinindependentcountrieswhoare
regarded as indigenous on account of
theirdescent
fromthepopulationswhichinhabitedthe
country,orageographicalregiontowhich
the
country belongs, at the time of conquest
or colonization or the establishment of
presentState
boundaries and who, irrespective of their
legalstatus,retainsomeoralloftheirown
social,
economic, cultural and political
institutions.
INDIGENOUSPEOPLE
Self-identification as
indigenous or tribal
shall be regarded as a
fundamental criterion
for
determining the groups
to which the provisions
of this Convention
apply.
HOWEVER...
TRIBAL VS. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

8. CRITERIONOF
SELF-
IDENTIFICATION
José Martínez Cobo
“Study of the problem of discrimination against indigenous
populations”,

9. Historical continuity with pre-invasion and/or pre-colonial societies that
developed on their territories;
Distinctiveness;
Non-dominance; and
A determination to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations
their ancestral territories and identity as peoples in accordance with their
own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal system. The United
Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Peoples has stressed, in addition
to the above:
A strong link to territories and surrounding natural resources;
Distinct social, economic or political systems; and
Distinct language, culture and beliefs.

10. Asian Development Bank
emphasize the Indigenous
Peoples Rights Act (IPRA),

11. linguistic identity;
distinct social, cultural, economic,
and political systems; and
unique ties to ancestral territories.

12. descent from population groups present in a given area, most often before
modern states or territories were created and before modern borders were
defined; and
maintenance of cultural identities; and social, economic, cultural, and political
institutions separate from mainstream or dominant societies and cultures. In
some cases, over recent centuries, tribal groups or cultural minorities have
migrated into areas to which they are not indigenous, but have established a
presence and continue to maintain a definite and separate social and cultural
identity and related social institutions. In such cases, the second identifying
characteristic would carry a greater weight.
Two significant characteristics of indigenous peoples are observed:

13. Philippines is the only country in
Asia that has officially used the
term indigenous peoples
and recognized their rights as
such. The Indigenous Peoples
Rights Act (IPRA), enacted in 1997,

14. Characteristics of indigenous peoples are observed:
A group of people or homogeneous societies identified by self-ascription
and ascription by others
who have continuously lived as organized community on communally
bounded and defined territory, and
who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied,
possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of
language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits,
who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of
colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, become historically
differentiated from the majority of Filipinos.

15. Characteristics of indigenous peoples are observed:
ICCs/IPs [indigenous cultural communities/indigenous peoples] shall
likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of
their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time
of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of nonindigenous
religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries,
who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political
institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional
domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains. IPRA,
Chapter II, Section 3h).

16. MINDANAO
Ethnicity will persist as a
central axis of this evolving identity
—even beyond the completion of the
so-called Bangsamoro project.
“contestingidentities”

17. Demographic Profile
of Indigenous
Peoples

18. National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP),
the total
population of indigenous peoples in the
Philippines in 1998 was estimated to be
between 12 and 15 million.

19. National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP),
The Philippines is a culturally diverse
country with an estimated 14 to 17 million
indigenous peoples belonging to 110
ethnolinguistic groups.

20. the majority (61%)
of the indigenous
peoples are in
Mindanao
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
(33%) reside
in Luzon.
(6%) are
scattered among the
Visayan islands.

21. The Summer Institute of
Linguistics estimated
that there are 171
different languages in
the Philippines. Of these,
168 are living languages
and 3 are extinct.

22. SEVEN ETHNOGRAPHIC AREAS
Region I and CAR
Region II
The rest of Luzon (Regions III, IV [part], and V)
Island groups (Regions IV [part], VI, VII, and VIII)
Northern and Western Mindanao (Regions IX [Zamboanga Peninsula] and X
[Northern Mindanao
Southern and Eastern Mindanao (Regions XI [Davao Region] and XIII [Caraga])
Central Mindanao (Region XII [SOCCSKSARGEN])

23. peoples are concentrated in the northern mountain ranges of the Cordillera
DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
Tingguian, Isneg, and northern Kalinga are found in the watershed areas of the
Abulag, Tineg, and Chico rivers
The Ibaloi and Kankanaey inhabit the southern region of the Cordillera.
Region 1 and CAR

24. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
Ibanag, Itawes, Yogad, and Gaddang inhabit the Cagayan Valley of northeastern Luzon.
Caraballo range at its southern end is home to the Ilongot, Ikalahan, Isinai, and
some Aeta groups
Region II

25. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
area of the Sierra Madre range of eastern Luzon are the Dumagat, Pugot, and other
Aeta groups
Communities of Paan Pinatubo (sometimes called Hambal, Ayta, and Sambal) live
under the shadow of the Zambales range, and Baluga inhabit the northwestern
part of Pampanga and the southwestern area of Tarlac.
Pacific coast in the province of Quezon, Pollilo Island, and the Bicol peninsula are Agta
groups, known as Kabihug (Camarines Norte), Agta Tabangnon, Agta Cimarron, and
Itom (Camarines Sur, Albay, and Sorsogon).

26. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
Seven Mangyan groups in the island of Mindoro:
the Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan, Tao-Buhid, Buhid,
Hanunoo, and Gubatnon.
Island groups (Regions IV [part], VI, VII, and VIII)

27. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
In the interior foothills and remote coastal areas of Panay and Negros Islands are the
Sulod and the Ati.
In the island of Palawan, the Tagbanua are found in northern and central areas.
The Batak are found in small pockets north of Puerto Princesa City and in
northeastern Palawan.
Island groups (Regions IV [part], VI, VII, and VIII)

28. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
The Palawanon are in the southern part of Palawan near Brooks Point.
the Mangyans of Mindoro; the Sulod and Ati of Panay; the Aeta groups in Negros
Island;
Batak, Cuyonen, Palawanon, and Tagbanua of Palawan
Island groups (Regions IV [part], VI, VII, and VIII)

29. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
Along the hinterlands and coastal lowlands of the Zamboanga peninsula live the
Subanen
northern Mindanao, particularly on the plateaus of Bukidnon, are the indigenous
peoples who call themselves Higaonon meaning “mountain dwellers.”
Northern and Western Mindanao (Regions IX [Zamboanga
Peninsula] and X [Northern Mindanao]
highlands of central Mindanao, particularly along the mountainous slopes of the
provinces of Davao, Bukidnon, and Cotabato are the Bagobo

30. DISTRIBUTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL
FEATURES OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
upper headwaters of the Davao, Tinanan, and Kulaman rivers are the Manuvu,
Matigsalug, Ata, and others
In the coastal areas along Davao Gulf and interior hinterlands of southeastern
Mindanao are the Mandaya, Coastal Bagobo, Agusan Manobo, and Ata.
Southern and Eastern Mindanao (Regions XI [Davao Region]
and XIII [Caraga]) Central Mindanao (Region XII
[SOCCSKSARGEN])

31. ETHNO-LINGUISTIC
GROUPINGS

32. 175ETHNOLINGUISTIC
Ilocano, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Kapampangan, Tagalog,
Bicolano, Visayans (Aklanon, Boholano, Butuanon,
Capiznon, Cebuano, Cuyonon, Eskaya, Hiligaynon,
Karaya, Masbateño, Porohanon, Romblomanon,
Suludnon, Surigaonon and Waray-Waray),
Zamboangueño, Subanon and etc.

33. The largest Filipino ethnic groups
include the Tagalog, Cebuano,
Ilocano, Bicolano, Kapampangan,
Maranao, Maguindanao, and
Tausug.

34. L A
D
N
A common characteristic of
indigenous peoples in the
Philippines is their close
attachment to ancestral land,
territory and resources.
Land is life to indigenous
peoples.
Ancestral domain to the indigenous
peoples is a holistic concept
encompassing not only the land but
including its resources: the rivers, forests,
the flora and fauna, the minerals
underneath and the air above.
Land is viewed as a collective legacy
to be maintained across many
generations since it is the source of
life and livelihood for its occupants.
What are the characteristics of IP’s?

35. THANK
YOU!