7. This is a new way to detect PE and more
recently DVT. D-dimer is a fragment that is
specific for the degradation of fibrin. (Barbe
et al Am J Clin Path 1998)
13. Inflammatory: PMN predominate
Features – hemostasis, debridement, decontamination of the wound Day
3 – 4
Fibroblastic or Proliferative: macrophages predominate
Features – collagen synthesis, neovascular formation, re-epithelialization
Day 3 – 4 to day 14 – 21
Maturation or Remodelling:
Features – remodeling and reorganization of collagen bundles; wound
contraction, increase tensile strength
Week 3 post injury to 1 yr post injury
14. 7. What is Charnley’s description of
closed reduction?
15. 1. Recreate the deformity
2. Distract
3. Reduce the deformity and realign
4. Maintain correction with immobilization
16. 8. What disease is the CREST syndrome
associated with and what does it stand
for?
17. Associated with Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis); this syndrome
occurs in the limited form of the disease
C: calcinosis
R: raynaud’s phemenon
E: esophygeal dysmotility
S: sclerodactyly
T: telangectasia
19. Inflammatory Reparative Remodelling
Secondary bone healing has been said to heal in six
phases:
Hematoma formation
Hematoma organization
Fibrocartilagenous callus
Primary bone callus
Primary bone callus resorption
Remodelling (maturation)
23. Primary: chancre
Secondary: skin lesions that resemble many other
diseases (the Great Masquerader)
Tertiary: tabes dorsalis, CNS effects,
neuropathy
25. This occurs when patients are being treated with antibiotics
(Lyme disease). During the initial 24 hours of therapy, the
patient becomes sicker with worsening of the symptoms. This
is due to the massive destruction of the bacteria and the
release of toxins into the blood as the bacteria dies.
This can also occur in any treponemal infection (Syphillis)
34. 17. What are the peaks and troughs for
gentamycin and vanco and what do
they tell you?
35. 17. What are the peaks and troughs for gentamycin and vanco and what do they tell you?
Gentamycin Trough – 2 Peak – 10
Vancomycin Trough – 10 Peak – 20
The peak gives information regarding the amount of the dosage
The trough gives information regarding the timing of the dose (frequency)
18. Name all of the beta-lactamase penicillins and their dosages
Augmentin (amoxicillin/clav) 250, 500, 875 mg PO (500 TID; 875 BID)
75 mg amoxicillin
125 mg clavulanic acid
Timentin (ticracillin/clav) 3.1 g IV q6-8h
3 g ticracillin
100 mg clavulanic acid
Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam) 1.5/3.0 g IV q6-8h
2:1 ratio
51. Pt ingests 75 g of oral glucose.
Blood sugar is tested at 0, .5, 1, 1.5 and 2 hours after ingesting.
If the reading at 2 hrs and 1 other measurement is >200mg/dl then
diabetes can be diagnosed.
52. 22. Name 5 Disease modifying anti-
Rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
63. - Shave: not commonly done
- Incisional: usually a punch biopsy; done to
remove a section of the lesion; pick
the most aggressive appearing part of the lesion
- Excisional: removal of the entire lesion
64. 28. What are the four main types of
malignant melanoma?
65. - Superficial spreading: the most common type
- Lentigo: most commonly seen in older men
- Acral lentiginous: see Hutchinson’s sign (color
changes in the eponychium of subungual melanomas):
most common in non-caucasians
- Nodular: the most malignant type
66. 29. What are the three radiographic
patterns of bone destruction?
