This presentation traces the evolution of cellphones from their humble beginnings as bulky "brick" phones to the sleek and powerful smartphones we use today. We'll explore the major milestones in cellphone history, from the first commercial mobile phone call in 1983 to the launch of the iPhone in 2007 and beyond. Along the way, we'll examine the key features that have defined each generation of cellphones, including changes in design, size, battery life, and connectivity options. We'll also take a closer look at the impact that cellphones have had on society, from the way we communicate and work to the rise of social media and mobile gaming. Whether you're a tech enthusiast or just curious about how cellphones have evolved over time, this presentation is sure to offer some interesting insights and food for thought.

1. CELL PHONES
PRESENTATION BY:
Hanan and Mohid

2. HISTORY OF CELL PHONE
 ORIGIN OF CELL PHONE:
The history of cell phones dates back to the 1970s when the
first mobile phone call was made by Martin Cooper, an engineer at Motorola. The
first mobile phone was called the DynaTAC, and it was a large and expensive device
that was not widely available to the public. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, cell
phones continued to evolve, becoming smaller, lighter, and more advanced. The
introduction of text messaging and mobile internet access further expanded the
capabilities of mobile phones.
 ADVANCEMENT OF APPLICATIONS:
In the 2010s, smartphones became the norm, with devices like
the iPhone and Android phones dominating the market. These phones offered a
wide range of features, including high-quality cameras, advanced apps, and
powerful processors.
Today, cell phones are an essential part of daily life for many people around the
world. They are used for communication, entertainment, and work, and they
continue to evolve with new technologies such as 5G, artificial intelligence and
augmented reality.

3. POPULAR CELL PHONE BRANDS
• Apple: Apple's iPhone is one of the most recognizable and popular cell phones in
the world. iPhones are known for their sleek design, user-friendly interfaces, and
advanced features, such as Face ID and wireless charging.
• Samsung: Samsung is a major competitor to Apple, offering a range of Android-
based smartphones and other mobile devices. Samsung phones are known for
their high-quality cameras, large screens, and powerful processors.
• Google: Google's Pixel phones are known for their high-quality cameras,
advanced software features, and seamless integration with Google services like
Google Assistant and Google Photos.
• Huawei: Huawei is a Chinese technology company that has become a major
player in the cell phone market in recent years. Huawei phones are known for
their sleek design, advanced cameras, and long battery life.
• OnePlus: OnePlus is a relatively new player in the cell phone market but has
gained a reputation for producing high-quality smartphones with premium
features at a more affordable price point.

4. WHAT IS A CELL PHONE?
 A phone with access to a cellular radio system so it can be used over a wide area, without
a physical connection to a network is called a CELL PHONE.
 A CELL PHONE carries a radio transmitter and a receiver inside it. It sends and receives
messages in the form of radio waves.

5. FEATURES OF CELL PHONE
• Cell phones emit electromagnetic radiation in the form of radio waves to communicate with
cell towers.
• Cell phones transmit and receive digital signals, which are made up of binary codes (0s and 1s).
• Cell phones contain a variety of electronic circuits, such as the processor, memory, and power
management circuits.
• Cell phones are powered by batteries, which convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
• Many modern cell phones have touch screens, which use a technology called capacitance to
detect the touch of a finger.
• Cell phone cameras use lenses to focus light onto an image sensor.
• Some cell phones have accelerometers, which are sensors that detect changes in acceleration
and orientation.
• Many cell phones have GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers, which use satellite signals to
determine the phone's location.
Cell phone is a combination of
different technologies to
transmit and receive
information such as light,
wireless , etc

6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELL PHONE
• Smartphones: These are the most popular and advanced types of cell phones. They have a
touchscreen display, run on operating systems like Android or iOS, and have access to a wide range of
mobile apps.
• Feature phones: Feature phones are more basic than smartphones, with limited features and
capabilities. They typically have physical keyboards and basic web browsing and messaging
capabilities.
• Flip phones: Flip phones are a type of feature phone that has a clamshell design, with a screen on one
half and a physical keyboard on the other. They are less common these days but are still used by some
people who prefer their simplicity and durability.
• Business phones: Business phones are designed specifically for professionals and typically have
enhanced security features and better battery life than consumer-focused cell phones.
• Rugged phones: Rugged phones are designed to be more durable and able to withstand harsh
environments, such as construction sites or outdoor adventures.

7. CELL PHONE ACCESSORIES
Cell phone accessories are additional items that are designed to complement or
enhance the use of cell phones. Some of the most common cell phone accessories include:
• Phone cases: Phone cases are designed to protect cell phones from scratches, dents, and other types
of damage. They come in a wide range of styles and materials, from simple silicone cases to rugged
cases with built-in screen protectors.
• Screen protectors: Screen protectors are thin sheets of plastic or tempered glass that are designed to
protect the screen of a cell phone from scratches and cracks.
• Chargers: Chargers are essential accessories for cell phones, allowing users to keep their phones
powered up and ready to use at all times. There are many different types of chargers available, from
wall chargers to portable battery packs.
• Pop sockets and phone grips: Pop sockets and phone grips are small attachments that can be added
to the back of a cell phone to make it easier to hold and use.

8. CELL PHONE NETWORK
CALLER
BASE STATION(BS)
MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC)
BASE STATION(BS) OF OTHER CALLER
RECEIVER

9. CALLER
BASE STATION (BS)
OF CALLER
BASE STATION (BS)
OF OTHER CELL
RECEIVER
MOBLIE
SWITCHING
CENTRE(MSC)
CELL
CELL PHONE NETWORK
The latest technology i.e
5G has speed range from
1Gbps to 10Gbps.

10. CELL PHONE NETWORK
Cell phone network system consist of Cells, Base Stations (BS) and Mobile Switching Centre (MSC).
 Base stations (BS):
A base stations is wireless communication stations set up at a particular geographical location .
The geographical area covered by a single base station is known as a cell the group of cell forms a cluster
Note: All BS are connected to MSC using land lines
 Mobile switching centres (MSC):
The MSC stores information about the the subscribers located within cluster and is
responsible for directing call to them . It is responsible for conversion of sound waves of caller to radio
waves

11. WORKING MECHANISM
• Cell phone network system is a system that allows mobile devices to communicate with each other wirelessly
using radio waves. A cell phone network consists of multiple components, such as cell towers, base stations,
switches, and routers.
• When a user makes a call or sends a text message, the signal is transmitted from their mobile device to the
nearest cell tower. The cell tower then transmits the signal to a nearby base station, which processes the
signal and routes it to the appropriate destination.
• If the destination is outside the local area, the signal is transmitted to a switch, which connects to other
switches to route the signal across the network. Finally, the signal is received by the recipient's mobile device,
completing the communication cycle.
• The cell phone network system uses various technologies, including 2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G,
to provide different levels of speed and connectivity. These technologies use different
frequency bands and modulation techniques to transmit and receive data.
• In summary, the cell phone network system enables mobile communication using
radio waves, and it consists of various components that work together to ensure
smooth connectivity.
Modern phones (Touch
phones) work on the
principle of physics i.e.
capacitance

12. MOBILE APPLICATIONS
MOBILE APPLICATIONS
Mobile apps are software applications that are designed to run on cell phones and
other mobile devices. They can serve a variety of purposes, from entertainment and gaming to
productivity and communication. Some of the most popular types of mobile apps include:
• Social media apps: Social media apps like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram allow users to connect
with friends and family, share photos and updates, and stay up to date on current events and trends.
• Gaming apps: Mobile gaming apps like Candy Crush, Pokémon Go, PUBG, FREE FIRE, and Fortnite
have become increasingly popular in recent years, offering users a way to pass the time and compete
with others.
• Productivity apps: Productivity apps like Microsoft Office, Google Drive, and Evernote help users stay
organized, collaborate with others, and get work done on the go.
• Entertainment apps: Entertainment apps like Netflix, Hulu, and YouTube offer users access to a wide
range of movies, TV shows, and other video content.

13. PROS AND CONS OF CELL PHONES
PROS
• Wireless communication
• Digital signal processing
• Convenient access to information
• GPS (Global Positioning system)
CONS
• Electromagnetic radiation
• Distraction
• Dependence
• Environmental impact
Research shows
that overreliance on
your phone can lead to
mental laziness.

14. FUTURE OF CELL PHONES
• Foldable and rollable screens: Foldable and rollable screens could revolutionize the way we use cell phones by
allowing them to expand or contract depending on our needs. This technology is already starting to emerge in
the market, and we can expect to see more foldable and rollable screen devices in the future.
• 5G networks: 5G networks are the latest generation of cellular network technology, offering faster speeds and
lower latency than previous generations. As 5G networks become more widespread, we can expect to see more
advanced applications and technologies that take advantage of the increased connectivity and speed.
• Artificial intelligence and virtual assistants: Artificial intelligence and virtual assistants are already being
integrated into many cell phones, and we can expect this trend to continue in the future. As these technologies
become more advanced, they could transform the way we interact with our phones and make them even more
intuitive and user-friendly.
• Augmented reality and virtual reality: Augmented reality and virtual reality technologies are already being
used in some cell phone applications, but we can expect to see more widespread adoption of these
technologies in the future. This could transform the way we use cell phones for gaming, education, and other
applications.
• Wearable devices: While not strictly cell phones, wearable devices like smartwatches and fitness trackers are
becoming increasingly popular and could play a larger role in the way we communicate and interact with our
phones in the future.