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Bladder cancer
Epidemiology
• >90% urothelial carcinoma
• ↑ Risk with smokers & exposure to industrial carcinogens
Manifestations
• Painless hematuria throughout micturition
• Irritative voiding symptoms (eg, frequency, urgency, dysuria)
• Regional pain
Diagnosis
• Flexible cystoscopy with biopsy (gold standard)
• Urine cytology
Staging
• TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor)
• Upper urinary tract imaging (eg. MRI, CT, intravenous
pyelogram)
Treatment
• No muscle invasion: TURBT & intravesical immunotherapy
• Muscle invasion: radical cystectomy & systemic
chemotherapy
• Metastatic: systemic chemotherapy & immunotherapy

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Bladder cancer HY

  • 1. Bladder cancer Epidemiology • >90% urothelial carcinoma • ↑ Risk with smokers & exposure to industrial carcinogens Manifestations • Painless hematuria throughout micturition • Irritative voiding symptoms (eg, frequency, urgency, dysuria) • Regional pain Diagnosis • Flexible cystoscopy with biopsy (gold standard) • Urine cytology Staging • TURBT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor) • Upper urinary tract imaging (eg. MRI, CT, intravenous pyelogram) Treatment • No muscle invasion: TURBT & intravesical immunotherapy • Muscle invasion: radical cystectomy & systemic chemotherapy • Metastatic: systemic chemotherapy & immunotherapy