1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI-590014
PHASE I-PROJECT PRESENTATION ON
“WATER QUALITY INDEX OF TUNGABHADRA RIVER”
SUBMITTED BY:
1. ARUN J 4SM19CV005
2. CHANDRAKANTH YADAV G K 4SM19CV006
3. M VENKATESHA 4SM19CV019
4. NAVEEN KUMAR S 4SM19CV023
Under the guidance of HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
ANUSHA V, Asst. professor Dr. SRISHAILA J M
Dept. of Civil Engineering
S.J.M.I.T. CHITRADURGA
SJM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, CHITRADURGA-577501
(Affiliated to VTU, BELAGAVI , Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Accredited by NAAC with B++ grade)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
3. 1
INTRODUCTION
SOURCES OF WATER
CHARACTERSTICS OF WATER
WATER QUALITY INDEX (WQI)
Surface Water Quality Standards (as per IS:2296-1982)
Parameters and unit Standards
pH 6.5-8.5
Total Hardness (mg/L as CaCo3) 300 mg/L
Chlorides (mg/L as CL) 600 mg/L
TDS (mg/L) 1500 mg/L
Turbidity (NTU) 5 NTU
Dissolved Oxygen 4.0 mg/L
Biochemical oxygen demand 3.0 mg/L
4. 2
The Tungabhadra river is familiar river in southern India and is almost travels 531km in distance.
The Tungabhadra stream starts its ride from koodli of Shivamogga district in the Karnataka state of
India (Ranjith S et al., 2019). There are important punctual and diffuse pollutants which are affected
river water quality. Domestic wastewaters of the settlements and agricultural activities are the most
important diffuse pollution sources. In addition, Grasim poly fiber industry are punctual pollution
sources in the study area. In this region, there are garbage areas and settlement areas where people are
interested in agriculture and raising animals, refinery plants.
Currently, effects of these pollutants on water quality are not exactly known. Hence, this
Study is extremely important for the region (Sener et al. 2017).
5. 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
NAME OF THE AUTHOR
(YEAR)
RIVER NAME PARAMETERS
USED
OUTCOMES
SHAH & JOSHI
(2005-2008) SABARAMATI pH, DO, BOD, EC, NN,
&TOTAL COLIFORM
Station 1(V.N. Bridge)- water quality is poor
(43.76)
Station 2(Shedi)-water quality is good (80.75)
Station 3(Keroj bridge)-water quality is
Excellent (92.10)
SHARMA & KANSAL
(2000-2009) YAMUNA
pH, DO, BOD,
TOTAL COLIFORM,
FECAL COLIFORM,
FREE AMMONIA
Station 1(palla)-water quality is good.
Station 2(ODRB)-water quality is poor.
Station 3(Nizamuddin)-water quality is poor .
Station 4(okhla)-water quality is poor.
6. 4
NAME OF THE AUTHOR
(YEAR)
RIVER NAME PARAMETERS
USED
OUTCOMES
RANJITH et al.,
(J-2018 – D-2018)
Tungabhadra
pH, DO, BOD, TDS,
TH, CALCIUM &
MAGNESIUM
S1(Muddenuru) water qualities
S2(Rajanahalli) at all the
S3(Kumarapatnum Bridge) stations comes
S4(Nalawagala) under good
S5(Nadhiharalli) condition
S6(Airani)
S7(HeribedrI)
7. OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study involve
To analyze various physio-chemical characteristics (pH, Hardness, Turbidity, BOD, DO,
EC – TDS) of Tungabhadra River to determine the Water Quality Index (WQI).
Comparative analysis of the Water Quality parameters of water samples
Collected at 5 different stations of the Tungabhadra river.
5
8. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
STUDY AREA
The Tungabhadra River is formed by confluence of the Thunga and Bhadra at “Koodli” which flows down the
eastern slope of the western ghats in the state of Karnataka.The two River originates from the Mudigere taluk of
Chikamagaluru district of Karnataka The Thunga and Bhadra rise at Ganga Moola Varane parvatha in the western
ghats at an elevation 1198m.
Table 3.1.1. Different stations along with their latitudes and longitudes
6
STATION LATITUDE LOGITUDINAL
S1-Rajanahalli 14030’57.5” N 75045’37.7” E
S2-Kumarapatanam 14031’54.4” N 75047’46.0” E
S3-Nalawagala 14033’04.6” N 75048’26.3” E
S4-Nadiharalli 14034’17.0” N 75049’07.4” E
S5-Airani 14036’12.8” N 75048’15.2” E
11. PARAMETER DESCRIPTION
The methodology for analysis of surface Water includes the following process
SAMPLING:
The surface river water samples to be collected from different stations of Tungabhadra River at Harihara
to analyze the physio-chemical characteristics. Samples to be collected at stations in between 0.5 to 6.5 km.
The samples to b planned to collect in 2 liters polythene bottles.
PRESERVATION OF SAMPLE:
Samples are to be preserved at the temperature of 40C. All samples must be preserved as soon as
practically possible; ideally immediately after the collection of samples.
TEST FOR ANALYSIS OF SURFACE WATER CHARACTERISTICS
Selection of parameters for measurement of water quality:
The evidence of high organic pollution in Tungabhadra River basin is considered as the basis
for selecting the water quality parameters such as; pH, Hardness, Chloride content, Turbidity, EC-
TDS, DO and BOD.
9
12. 10
Parameters Method of Determination Reagents/Indicator used
pH By using pH meter -
Total hardness
By Titrating against standard
EDTA solution
1ml of ammonia buffer,
2-3 Eri chrome black T indicator.
Chloride content
By Titrating against standard 0.02 Normality
Silver nitrate solution
2-3 drops of potassium chromate.
Turbidity By using Nephelometer -
Dissolved oxygen
By Titrating against standard Sodium
thiosulphate
2ml of Manganous sulphate, 2ml alkali
Iodide azide reagent, Conc. H2SO4, Starch
indicator.
Biochemical oxygen Demand By titrating against standard sodium
thiosulphate
2ml of Manganous sulphate, 2ml alkali
Iodide azide reagent, Conc. H2SO4, Starch
indicator
Electrical conductivity By using conductivity meter 0.1N potassium chloride
13. WQI CALCULATION;
The WQI was calculated according to the following formula:
WQI = ∑
n
i=1 qi*wi
Where,
WQI – water quality index
qi – sub-index for ith parameter
W
i – weight for ith parameter
The relative weight (Wi) is computed from the following equation:
Wi = wi /∑
n
i=1wi
Where wi is weight of each parameter and n is number of parameters.
Then, a quality rating (qi) for each parameter is assigned by dividing its concentration in each water sample by its
limits values given by the WHO (2008) and the result multiplied by 100:
14. 14
qi = (Ci / Si) X 100
where qi is the quality rating,
Ci is the concentration of each chemical parameter in each water sample in mg/L,
Si is the drinking water standard for each chemical parameter in milligrams per litre
according to the guidelines of the WHO (2008).
To calculate WQI, firstly SIi value should be determined with the following equations,
SIi = Wi x qi
WQI = ∑ n SI
i=1
where,
SIi is the subindex of ith parameter.
