Metallurgical study

1. South Indian Medicolegal Association
Dr.Nafeeya
Department of Forensic
Medicine &Toxicology
March 2019 Vol- 11 No -1

2. A FORENSIC ODONTO-METALLURGICAL STUDY
DISASTER VICTIM IDENTIFICATION THROUGH DENTAL RESTORATIVE
MATERIALS WITH EXTREME TEMPERATURE INVOLVEMENT
Rupal Patle et al
Forensic Science Laboratory, Gujarat, India

3. OVERVIEW
• Introduction
• AIMOFTHESTUDY
• Materials& methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Medicolegalimportance

4. Introduction
• Disasters natural & man made
• Uncommon in India
• Victims identification- social
responsibility
• Tooth – vital role
• Identification – characteristic features

5. Aim Of The Study
Establishing identification of an individual using dental
restorative materials

6. Materials
•Total 26 brands of dental restorative materials
•16 composite, 7 glass ionomers,1 amalgam, 1 full
metal crown, 1 crown of Zirconia) have been
studied.
•Extreme temperature of 900°c for 30 min &
•Then analysis was done for their inorganic
composition by using EDXRF (energy dispersive x-
ray fluorescence) & SEM /EDS.

7. Methods
Disk prepared
Five separate areas
Control samples
Stored- 0.9% sodium
chloride aqueous solution
Changed -2 weeks -1
month

8. Crucibles-Muffle furnace Digital hand held microscope

9. Energy dispersive X –ray fluorescence spectrometer

10. Results
1. Retrieval of restorative material from burnt restored tooth debris
2. Detection of various classes of restorative materials through
EDXRF
3. Detection of various brands of restorative materials through
EDXRF
4. Detection of various brands of restorative materials through
SEM/EDS:

11. Burnt debris of a
tooth restored with
amalgam after
incinerating at 900°C
for 30 min

12. Burnt debris of a
tooth restored
with composite
resin after
incinerating at
900°C for 30 min

13. Burnt debris of a tooth
restored with glass
ionomer after
incinerating at 900°C for
30 min.

14. Burnt restored
tooth where
restoration has got
dislodged after
incineration at
900°C for 30 min

15. Victims of Asian Tsunami

16. M. Petju et al
• 5395 death
• 600 bodies fingerprint
• DNA – Buccal mucosa ,hair
• 5th day after disaster -550 dentist
• 46.2%- dental records
• Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) System
International Software to assist in the
identification process
Importance of
dental records for
victim identification
following the Indian
Ocean tsunami
disaster in Thailand
JournalOf Royal
Institute of Public
Health

17. Colgan Air Flight 3407

18. Mary bush DDD et al
The crash of Colgan
Air flight 3407:
Advanced techniques
in victim
identification
JournalOf American
DentalAssociation
•Identification of 3 victims
•Recovering dental
fragments
•Restorative material
adherent to it .
•Root canal methods

19. Discussion
•Dental identification not possible .
•EDXFS & SEM

20. EDXRF
 Elemental analysis applications.
.
Principle
A primary X-ray, typically
generated in an X-ray
tube, hits an inner shell
electron of the atom and
ejects the election from the
atom
Non-destructive analytical technique
used to determine the elemental
composition of materials.
XRF analyzers determine the
chemistry of a sample by measuring
the fluorescent (or)x-ray emitted
from a sample when it is excited by
a primary x-ray source.

21. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer

22. Dental restorative material
1. Composite resins
2. Glass Ionomers
3. Amalgam
4. Zirconia
5. Full metal crown
•To replace tooth structure
loss, usually due to dental
caries .
•Dental trauma.
•Cosmetic purposes

23. Polymer-based
materials
After incineration –with
high melting point
Trace elements were
excluded –complicate
the identification
Composite resins

24. Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence
Spectrometer

25. Calcium aluminium silicate
After incineration 900 deg
-30 minutes
Silver reinforced glass
ionomers ,strontium
Glass Ionomers

26. Contain mercury alloys
liquid, a soft paste or a solid,
depending upon the
proportion of mercury
Only one class was collected
No comparison
Identification
Amalgam

27. Burnt Composite & Amalgam Restorative material

28. Fill cavities caused by tooth
decay
Oxides –identified
Only one class was collected
No comparison
Identification
Manufacture guide-DD Bio
ZX2 98
Zirconia

30. Full crown covering all axial
surfaces of the tooth as well
as the occlusal surface and
made of metal.
Identification
Manufacture guide-max
white Ruby
Full metal crown

31. Limitation of the study
1. Present study is limited to the materials available in Indian market .
2. More work in this restorative material will magnify the study
3. This is proved in each brand of restorative material that is under study.
4. Only one class of restorative material was collected. So no comparison and
identification will be difficult.
5. Existing dental records not found in India

32. Conclusion
• Most significant tool for the identification irrespective of the
temperature.
• The restorative material - reliable marker for the
identification.

33. Medicolegal importance
• Identification of dental specimens in crime scene
• Personal Identification – In severely burnt bodies , disaster
victim bodies.

34. Reference
• M. Petju et al-Journal Of Royal Institute of Public Health
• Marry A Buss – Journal of Forensic Science -Detection and Classification of
Composite Resins in Incinerated Teeth for Forensic Purpose
• Luz María Villegas Sánchez et al- Rev Mex Med Forense, 2019, 4 (3): 39-50
• Nandita Kottieth Pallam et al-Journal of forensic dental science -Indian Journal of
Dental Research, 22(3), 2011
• Saritha Maloth et al- Indian Journal of Dental Research
• Nima A.Osman et al-ARC Journal of Forensic Science
• Narayana reddy text book of forensic medicine and toxicology