it is a survey

2. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL
AND DENTAL SCIENCE
THE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL
SCIENCE (JRMDS) IS SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION IN MEDICAL AND
DENTAL SCIENCE. JRMDS IS PEER REVIEWED, OPEN ACCESS
JOURNAL AND PUBLISHED QUARTERLY PER YEAR. JRMDS
PUBLISHES ORIGINAL RESEARCH WORK THAT CONTRIBUTES
SIGNIFICANTLY TO FURTHER THE SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE IN
VARIOUS FIELDS OF MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCE.

3. INTRODUCTION
In the field of conservative dentistry and endodontics, biomimetic materials have been
used for regeneration, repair, and reconstruction. Biomimetic materials are defined as a
material that can induce a response from living tissue, organisms, or cells such as the
formation of hydroxyapatite.
In future, biomimetic materials will become extremely popular and it is
speculated to see unparalleled advances in this field. Hence, it is important to understand
what the future endodontists think in this regard .

4. SURVEY
Step 1: Define the
population and
sample
Step 2: Decide on
the type of survey
Step 3: Design the
survey questions
Step 4: Distribute
the survey and
collect responses
Step 5: Analyze the
survey results

5. ● Surveys are used as a method of gathering data in many different fields. They are a good
choice when you want to find out about the characteristics, preferences, opinions, or beliefs
of a group of people.
● Step 1: define the population and sample
● Based on this question, you need to determine exactly who you will target to participate in
the survey.
● The target population is the specific group of people that you want to find out about.
● Step 2: decide on the type of survey
● There are two main types of survey:
• A questionnaire, where a list of questions is distributed by mail, online or in person, and
respondents fill it out themselves.
• An interview, where the researcher asks a set of questions by phone or in person and
records the responses.

6. ● Step 3: design the survey questions
● Next, you need to decide which questions you will ask and how you will ask them. It’s
important to consider:
• The type of questions
• The content of the questions
• The phrasing of the questions
• The ordering and layout of the survey
● Step 4: distribute the survey and collect responses
● Before you start, create a clear plan for where, when, how, and with whom you will
conduct the survey. Determine in advance how many responses you require and how
you will gain access to the sample.
● Step 5: analyze the survey results

7. AIM
● Is to evaluate the level of awareness regarding these materials among endodontic
postgraduate students, endodontist, general practitioners of India and their willingness to
practice it.

8. BIOMIMETICS
Biomimetics is defined as the study of the formation, structure, or function of
biologically produced substances and materials and biological mechanisms and
processes especially for the purpose of synthesizing similar products by
artificial mechanisms which mimic natural ones.
The main principle of biomimetic dentistry is to replace the lost dental tissues
by artificial and naturally available materials to restore full function and bear
with all functional stresses along with the maintenance of aesthetic results.

9. ● Glass ionomer cements
● Calcium hydroxide
● Mineral trioxide aggregate.
● Calcium phosphate.
● Bioactive glass.
● Emdogain.
● Composites.
● Ceramics.
● Biodentine.

10. GIC
● Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is considered as Biomimetic material because it has properties
similar to dentin, adhesiveness to tooth structures, and it is anticariogenic because of
fluoride release.
MAN MADE DENTIN” and “DENTIN
SUBSTITUTE”

11. RESIN BASED COMPOSITES
● Minimal preparation decreasing pulpal involvement and decreasing the prognosis of
fractures. Therefore, it preserves tooth vitality and substance .
● RECENT ADVANCES:
● 1. Self-repairing materials
● 2. Antimicrobial composite
● 3. Ormocer
● 4. Stimuli responsive composite:
● 5. Giomer

12. MINERAL TRIOXIDE AGGREGATE (MTA)
● MTA materials provide better microleakage protection than traditional endodontic repair materials
using dye, fluid filtration, and bacterial penetration leakage models. In both animal and human
studies, MTA materials have been shown to have excellent potential as pulp capping and pulpotomy
medicaments.
● This mta is the only material that supports overgrowth of cementum and formation of bone.
● Mta comprises portland cement (75%), bismuth ox-ide (20%), and gypsum (5%).
● Portland cement is a mixture of tricalcium silicate (cao)3sio2, dicalcium silicate (cao)2sio2,
tricalcium aluminate (cao)3al2o3, and tetracalcium aluminoferrite (cao)4al2o3fe2o3
MTA is available in two different colours, including white MTA and
grey MTA
Koh et al. Proved that MTA can produce interleu-kins and hence
provides an active substrate for the regeneration of bone cells

15. BIODENTINE
● Biodentine was introduced to the market in 2011 as a quick-setting bioactive dentine
substitute. Biodentine is made up predominantly of highly purified tricalcium silicate
(80.1%) as the main core material, calcium carbonate (14.9%) as a filler, and
zirconium oxide (a radioopacifier) .
● The absence of bismuth oxide in biodentine is significant to its properties ; bismuth
oxide present in MTA is known to retard setting , negatively influence
biocompatibility , and cause discoloration .

16. ● Bioactive glasses are derived from the family of calcium phosphosilicate
materials that are degradable in body fluids such as saliva and blood. They
act as a vehicle for delivering ions beneficial for both healing and
remineralization.

17. ● Emdogain® is a unique gel containing enamel matrix derivative. This mixture of natural proteins
can induce biological processes that usually take place during the development of the periodontium
and may stimulate certain cells involved in the healing process of soft and hard tissues

18. MATERIALS AND METHODS
● A cross sectional -sectional survey was conducted across dental colleges of
india in october 2019. Questionnaire consisting of 24 questions was
formulated. These questions can be divided into three parts, namely
knowledge, attitude, and practices.
● Based on responses from the endodontic postgraduate students, endodontist,
general practitioners & interns to this multiple choice-based questionnaire,
the survey was analyzed.
● This questionnaire was circulated among the endodontic postgraduate
students through electronic media

19. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
● Among the participants, 60% were males, 40% were females.
● All the participants provided a reply for each question.
● 85 (54.8%) endodontist, 55 (35.5%) endodontic postgraduates, 15 (9.7%) of general
practitioners participated in the survey regarding biomimetic materials used in
conservative dentistry & endodontics.
● Majority of the participants 75% had knowledge regarding biomimetic materials used
in conservative dentistry &endodontics .
● about 80% of them were aware of advantages and disadvantages of biomimetic
materials .
● The participants (70%) were highly positive about introduction of biomimetic
materials in conservative dentistry and endodontics .

20. ● The present study indicates that an exceedingly high percentage of
the participants had a sound knowledge about biomimetic materials.
Which means that such practices have gained a lot of recognition as
compared to its status before a decade. All the participants are ready
to use biomimetic materials in their regular practices

21. CONCLUSION
● The participants of this survey were generally optimistic about use of
biomimetic materials, but they emphasized on special training for the
same along with readily available materials. More of such surveys
should be conducted to evaluate the response on a larger scale.
Further, research coupled with professional training will have a far-
reaching effect on success of biomimetic material and will thus
benefit the patients.

23. ● Aim: the purpose of this study was to determine the root canal irrigation trends being
practiced among the endodontic teaching faculty and post-graduate students in the dental
colleges present in India.
● Materials and methods: a postal invitation to participate in this national survey was sent
to the department of conservative aterials and methods dentistry and endodontic of 294
dental colleges present in India. A total of 2389 forms were successfully delivered out of
which 794 duly filled forms were received back. Survey participants were asked about
their irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, smear layer removal protocol, and use of
adjuncts during irrigation.

24. ● Results: this survey elicited a positive response rate of 33.23%. Our data
indicated that 92.8% of respondents use sodium esults hypochlorite (naocl) as
the primary endodontic irrigant, with 26 gauge needle being most preferred for
syringe irrigation, with 49.3% of them using it at a concentration of 2.6-4.0%.
68% of our respondents aim to remove the smear layer during the endodontic
treatment while 47% reported using ultrasonic activation as an adjunct during
their irrigation protocol. Conclusions: the findings of this survey are that the
majority of teaching institutions in india are employing naocl (2.6-4.0%)
onclusions as the primary endodontic irrigant. The concept of smear layer
removal is high (68%), and there is a general trend (78%) to modify the
irrigation protocol according to the status of the pulp, status of the periapex and
in retreatment cases

25. THANKS