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Medicolegal Examination In Case Of Attempted Throttling.pptx
- 1. Medicolegal Examination In Case Of Attempted Throttling Dr.Nafeeya Department of Forensic Medicine &Toxicology
- 2. Overview • What is throttling ? • Cause of death • Manner of death • Postmortem investigations • Postmortem Appearance • Medicolegal questions
- 3. Throttling • Manual strangulation • Asphyxia produced by compression of the neck by human hands • Death – occlusions of carotid arteries or vagal inhibition • Occlusion of airway – minor role
- 4. Mechanism • Occlusion of B.V • Blood supply to brain stopped • Cerebral ischemia • Death • Pressure over carotid arteries • Carotid bodies stimulated • Vagal stimulation • Cardiac inhibition • Death
- 5. Manner of death • Usually homicidal – Rape / sexual abuse-MC • Accidental –Rare • Suicidal –Not possible Infants, children women Healthy adults
- 6. Postmortem Investigations • Authority – Sub-Inspector • History – history of the incident –what ,when , where, which , who, why ,how ?????? • History after the incident • History before the incident • Visit the scene of crime • Identification of body by relatives
- 7. Cont….. • Autopsy – preliminary investigation • Photography of injuries • Trace evidence collection • External examination • Internal examination
- 8. Bruises on the neck • Assailants finger grasping on the neck • Relative position of the assailants & victim • The manner of grasping neck • Degree of pressure exerted on the throat • Oval / round shaped.1.5 – 2 cms
- 9. Bruise may not be seen • Minimal pressure • Material intervened • Anemic • Pressure was maintained
- 10. Abrasions • Pressure of nails ,as fingers are dug deeply into the neck • 3 types Crescentic – assailant Vertical –victim Horizontal-assailants Concavity Medially Laterally
- 11. Finger nail abrasions Gordon and Shapiro classification Static Regularly curved Comma shaped 1.5 cm Skid down Parallel ,linear Scratches –victim Females –large Shape of fingernails –largely determines result
- 12. Signs of struggle Defense scratches Vertical Multiple Almost parallel Superficial abrasions Bruises Scalp Back of head Muscles of chest & abdomen wall Fracture ribs
- 13. Internal examination-Bruising of neck structures • Bruises – Dermis, Superficial fascia, Deep fascia, Muscles, Thyroid cartilage • Bruise – absent externally • Sternocleidomastoid ,strap muscles, platysma-show patches ,bleeding, frank hematoma, bruised, torn • Carotid arteries – 10 to 15 %- intimal tear • bruise- laryngeal mucous memberane
- 14. • Artefacts • Collection of blood • Pharyngo-larygeal plexus • Natural death • Throttling • Strangulation
- 15. • Fracture of Thyroid cartilage • Superior horn of thyroid gland • Local pressure • Right side horn –MC • Blows to the front of neck ,fist, kicking • Fall on the ridged object • Vagal inhibition , Cardio-inhibitory reflex. Commando punch
- 16. • Hyoid bone fracture
- 17. • Signs of death due to throttling • Cutaneous bruising & abrasion • Extensive bruising with or without rupture of the neck muscles • Engorgement of tissues • Fractures • Cricoid cartilage fracture • Signs of asphyxia
- 18. Medicolegal issues 1. If the victim was killed by throttling then hanged ???? 2. If pm findings similar to throttling ???? 3. Decomposed bodies ????
- 23. Reference • Principles of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Rajesh Bardalae • Knights Forensic Pathology • Anil Aggrawal textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology. • V.V Pillay Forensic medicine book -4th edition • Narayan reddy essential of forensic medicine
Editor's Notes
- Accidental – minor damage or absence damage will be there
- Any change caused or introduced in the body after death.it leads to misinterpretation of medicolegal findings .
- Extensive neck injuries will be seen .signs of struggle .
- Well defined,slightly depressed mark,middle or below the thyroid cartilage ,mark encircle the neck transversely.most prominent in front & sides