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Preservation of dead body
- 1. Preservation Of Dead Bodies Dr.Nafeeya Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
- 2. Methods • Cold storage method • Embalming technique • Museum techniques
- 3. Cold storage • Short or long time. • Few weeks . • Slows the decomposition process • last two to four weeks. • 2 types • Freezing – does not preventing the transmission of coronavirus. Positive temperature (2-8) Negative temperature (-10 -50)
- 4. Covid -19 •Experimental study -Detected -72 hours •Remain infectious upto 9 days •Temperature >30 degree Celsius •Mortuary decontamination procedure Surface disinfectant •0.1 % - sodium hypocholorite •0.5 % - hydrogen peroxide solution •70 % ethanol •Kills coronavirus in 1 minute
- 5. Embalming - is the art and science of preserving human bodies by treating them with chemical to prevent decomposition. • Public display at a funeral • Religious purpose • Research purpose • long distance transport Life like appearance
- 6. • Arterial method – MC • Cavity method • Hypodermic • Surface Composition Formalin -1.5 litre Buffer 1-sodium borate 600g Buffer 2-sodium chloride -800 g Wetting agent-Glycerin -600ml Anti coagulant – sodium citrate -900g Dye-eosin 1%-30 ml Perfuming agent –oil wintercherry90ml 7-10 liters of water. Common Carotid Artery. Femoral Artery
- 9. •Embalming jar •Cannula insertion •Tie the knot •Sutured
- 10. Mechanism of action • Embalming chemical cannot be broken down by bacteria • Reactive centers • Destroy that reactive centers • The germicide & preservative inactivate body enzyme • Destroy both pathogenic & non pathogenic bacteria .
- 11. The embalmed body can last two or more weeks. 48 hours or more- unsatisfactory Certain amount of darkening of the skin Generalized swelling of the body Hard to feel. Disadvantages
- 12. Difficult to judge about injuries Destroy cyanide ,alcohol,opiates,CO & other substances Difficult to extract drugs Blood grouping cannot be made out Thrombi & emboli washed away •Vitreous humour •Synovial fluid •Bile •Muscle mass
- 13. Museum storage • Formalin preservation • Plastination method • Cryogenics techniques • Peat bog preservation • Taxidermy
- 14. Formalin technique • A small incision -lower part of the deceased's abdomen • Trocar (a sharp surgical instrument) • Drained of gas and fluid contents. • Formaldehyde-based chemicals are subsequently injected. • 250 days
- 15. Plastination technique •Gunther von -1970 •Involves – embalming & formaldehyde fixation •Partially or completely dissected •Sub zero acetone •Freezes •Cells replaced by acetone •Bath-Polyester ,silicon rubber •Replaces with plastic
- 16. Cryogenic techniques •-196 degree celsius •Too costly •Pure nitrogen •brain & internal organs •Packed with ice
- 17. Peat bog preservation •Sphagnum moss •Thrown – bogs •Highly acidic water, •Low temperature , •Lack of oxygen •Not only preserve •Tan the skin B o g b o d I e s Tollund man 4th century BC
- 18. Taxidermy •Rarely done for humans •preserving vertebrate animal remains. •Alum & borax •Display purpose •Illegal for humans >181 years old corpse- english philosopher Auto icon Life like effect
- 19. Forensic aspects
- 20. Effects of body-refrigerator chamber • Rigor mortis & putrefaction – delayed • No effects on pm staining • Postmortem cooling is faster • Surface of body –Reddish patches • Injuries – intensified appearance • Tissues – hard After onset of putrefaction Putrefaction is not arrested
- 21. Embalming of autopsied body • Before stitching up, throco-abdominal & cranial cavity is sponged with embalming fluid • viscera – treated with embalming fluid covering & packed with soaked sponge • Placed within the body cavity & stitched up Infectious bodies- concentration will be raised
- 22. Medicolegal aspects Embalming should never be allowed before autopsy-induce artefact & difficult to judge findings . Chemical stiffening – time since death Occupational hazards –formaldehyde –Irritation & Asthma ,COPD, Disaster – refrigerator trucks /ice slab
- 23. References • MarioGabriellaet al-Internationaljournalofinfectiousdisease • J Mathewlacyet al -AmericanJournalOf ForensicMedicine& Pathology • Erichbenneret al – Journalofanatomy • Shanaeriddel etal–Journalofvirology • Aravindpalsinghbatraet al –Internationaljournalof forensic& legalmedicine • AnilAggrawal textbookofforensicmedicineandtoxicology • Narayanareddy textbookofforensicmedicineandtoxicology
Editor's Notes
- cadaver is kept safe from harm, destruction or decomposition. This is achieved by treating the cadaver with special chemicals, i.e. embalming. One of the most important chemicals used for this purpose is formaldehyde.
- Instead of preparing the body with chemicals, they will store it in a fridge that keeps the body at 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. It doesn't stop it. refrigerated mortuary cabinet. At these temperatures the body is completely frozen, and decomposition is significantly reduced, but not prevented. Bodies are kept between 2 °C (36 °F) and 4 °C (39 °F). While this is usually used for keeping bodies for up to several weeks, it does not prevent decomposition, which continues at a slower rate than at room temperature.[4] Negative temperatureBodies are kept at between −10 °C (14 °F) and −50 °C (−58 °F). Usually used at forensic institutes, particularly when a body has not been identified. At these temperatures the body is completely frozen, and decomposition is significantly reduced, but not prevented. Freezing and refrigeration can slow the growth of bacteria but that doesn’t mean it works for preventing the transmission of coronavirus. ice, there is no way for bacteria to grow or insects to attack the dying remains. The cells are frozen in place and preventing from decaying. It literally arrests the process of decomposition
- Embalming is a method of preserving a dead body. In this procedure a chemical formulation is injected into the dead body through the blood vessels. This chemical in liquid form reaches every corner of the body and reacts with body tissues and thus causes preservation. Embalming not only for preservation & presentation also ensure that body is free from possible infection from living. embalming fluid has to be introduced into the body so that it comes in contact with every bit of body tissues. To keep the body preserved till the arrival of the close relatives of the deceased. 2. To transport the body to the home town of the deceased in India or' abroad.
- Classification –Arterial,Cavity,Surface,Hypodermic ,extran- non ionic Alkaline, phosphate free concentrate.amount of fluid injected is 7-10 liters depending on the size of thebody .
- End point –prominent over vessels ,fullness of abdomen .vertical incision from sternoclavicular joint
- Trocar/cannula is inserted into the abdomen – it removes excess fluid called cavity embalming .tie the knot and sutured
- Reactive centers present in the body hold water,no longer ability to retain water .proteins are coagulated, tissues are fixed, organs bleached,hardened,blood converted to brown mass .
- Some people think that embalming completely stops the decay of the body, but this isn't true. If you plan on having an open-casket funeral, then you should not leave the embalmed body out for more than a week. The quality of embalming in such cases is likely to be unsatisfactory as decomposition of the body would have set inBeing a chemical preservation, a certain amount of darkening of the skin in noticed and is an unavoidable, Being a chemical preservation, a certain amount of darkening of the skin in noticed and is an unavoidable, Being a chemical preservation, a certain amount of darkening of the skin in noticed and is an unavoidable, Being a chemical preservation, a certain amount of darkening of the skin in noticed and is an unavoidable, Being a chemical preservation, a certain amount of darkening of the skin in noticed and is an unavoidable, Being a chemical preservation, a certain amount of darkening of the skin in noticed and is an unavoidable, This varies from body to body and is particularly noticeable in fair skinned individuals. Also since fluid is injected into the body, a certain amount of generalised swelling of the body is inevitable- Swelling of the face may be particularly visible. We normally counsel the relatives about these points before undertaking the procedure
- The bodies are prevented from decay by means of plastination, a rubberization proces
- Why-Formaldehyde was the most frequently used embalming chemicals for the preservation of cadaver for a period of time. The presence of this chemical had the potential to be vapor out from cadaver while dissecting in dissection hall. A small incision is made in the lower part of the deceased's abdomen and a trocar (a sharp surgical instrument) is inserted into the body cavity. The organs in the chest cavity and the abdomen are then punctured and drained of gas and fluid contents. Formaldehyde-based chemicals are subsequently injected. 250 days
- Peat – dead plant material ,northern europe, Bones – not preserved dissolve calcium phosphate
- the art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals with lifelike effect.As far as I know, it is illegal to taxidermy or mount a human being in the US. ... Human skin discolors greatly after the preservation process and stretches a lot more than animal skin. This would mean that the maker would have to be very skilled in creating an exact body replica and painting and touching up the skin tone. fundamental technique for preserving vertebrate animal remains. Essentially it's a method of preserving elements of an animal for study or display after the animal has died. Taxidermists use chemicals such as alum and borax, which are desiccants, to draw out the moisture and dry flesh. It is mainly used to treat areas where it is difficult to remove all the flesh (such as the feet and hands). It also acts as an insect repellent.
- Body refrigerated soon after death.reddish – dependant region .bec enzymes liberated by putrefaction bacteria continue to act on tissues even at low temperature .within 6 hours .
- Increase the risk of oral cancer