MODULE 5: EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

Module 5
EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESSES
ENRICHED
MODULAR
PACKAGES
FOR
WOMEN
MAC PAUL V. ALARIAO, RN, MSN
Regional GAD Focal Persom

Common Diseases
Fever
Cough/Colds
Diarrhea
Scabies
Parasitism

Managements:
Management of other Childhood
Illnesses
Newborn Screening
Six Communicable Immunizable
Diseases
Early Detection and Prevention
of Childhood Disabilities

Session 1: FEVER
Session Objectives:
1.Understand that fever is just a symptoms of
an illness;
2.Identify the different diseases that have fever
as one of the symptoms;
3.Administer the proper care and management
of a person with fever;
4.Learn the proper care management of
different disease that caused the fever; and
5.Prepare and plant larvae trap for dengue
mosquito

Session 1: FEVER
F
E
V
E
R
Typhoid Fever
Malaria
Dengue
Measles
Chicken Pox
Tuberculosis
Leptospirosis

Session 1: FEVER
Typhoid Fever
Life threatening illness with fever for at least 5 days
accompanied by weakness, constipation and diarrhea
and abdominal discomfort with “SALMONELLA TYPHI”
grown from blood or stool

Session 1: FEVER
Typhoid Fever
PREVENTION:
Boil water for drinking or
Do water chlorination
Cook food well and always use food cover to prevent flies
and other insects from contaminating the food.
Wash thoroughly all vegetables and fruits especially those
that are eaten raw
Avoid eating street vended foods
Wash hands with soap and water after using the toilet and
before eating
Keep surrounding clean to prevent breeding flies
Get vaccinated against fever
IMMEDIATE TREATMENT:
Bring suspected cases immediately to the nearest health
center or hospital
EFFECTS:
Infection
Intestinal Bleeding
Meningitis
Death

Session 1: FEVER
Malaria
Disease transmitted through a bite of an infected female
anopheles mosquito. It usually bites during nighttime

Session 1: FEVER
Malaria
PREVENTION:
Use mosquito nets. It is more effective if the mosquito net is
treated with insecticide
Use long sleeves and pants
Use repellants/coil and screen on doors and windows
Clear hanging branches of trees along the stream
Have your blood examined if you have the signs and
symptoms of malaria
Follow the advice of health workers on how to take anti –
malaria drugs
If symptoms persist, go to the nearest health center or
hospital
EFFECTS:
Possible kidney or liver failure
Coma
Death

Session 1: FEVER
Dengue
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a severe often fatal
complication of dengue. It is an acute infectious disease
initially with fever. Dengue is a flu – like viral disease
spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes.

Session 1: FEVER
Dengue
PREVENTION:
Search and destroy breeding places of mosquitoes
Protect self from mosquito bites
If person has symptoms of dengue, report travel history to a
doctor.
There is no specific treatment for dengue. Persons with
dengue fever should rest and drink plenty of fluids. Dengue
Hemorrhagic Fever is treated by replacing lost fluids. Some
sick person need transfusion to control bleeding.
Follow treatment regimen. Take medicines as prescribed.
Do not take aspirin.
EFFECTS:
High fever
Possible Death

Session 1: FEVER
Measles
Is a viral disease – a highly communicable disease. It
spreads easily from person to person. It is characterized
by an itchy skin rash. The rash often starts on the head
and moves down the body.

Session 1: FEVER
Measles
PREVENTION:
Immunization with measles vaccine at 9 months old.
Vitamin A supplementation during routine vaccination
Nutritional support and oral rehydration to increase body
resistance and replace lost of body fluids caused by
coughing, diarrhea and perspiration
Antibiotics as prescribed by the physician to treat body
infections
Giving of supplementation among infants and children
diagnosed with measles
EFFECTS:
Diarrhea
Otitis media
Pneumonia
Encephalitis
Malnutrition
Blindness

Session 1: FEVER
Chicken Pox
One of the classic childhood diseases. A child may
develop hundreds of itchy, fluid-filled blisters that burst
and form crusts. It is caused by a virus.

Session 1: FEVER
Chicken Pox
PREVENTION:
Avoid crowed areas during epidemics
Isolate known cases
Vaccine is available as precautionary measures and as per
doctor’s advice
Chicken pox rashes will disappear in 1 – 2 weeks time even
without treatment
Seek immediate medical care. Know the location of the
nearest health worker/health facility.
Refer any person suspected of having chicken pox to the
health worker or hospital.
EFFECTS:
Scars

Session 1: FEVER
Tuberculosis
Is a bacterial infection. The bacteria attack the lungs, but
it can also damage other parts of the body.
Incubation period is about 4 – 12 weeks from infection or
a year or two after infection of pulmonary or extra
pulmonary tuberculosis.

Session 1: FEVER
Tuberculosis
PREVENTION: (if infected with TB, the following should
be practiced to avoid infecting other:)
Cover your mouth when coughing and your nose when
sneezing
Do not cough nor sneeze directly in front of other people.
Wash your hands with soap and water after covering mouth
or nose when coughing or sneezing.
EFFECTS:
Morbidity and Mortality rates are higher in developing
country

Session 1: FEVER
Leptospirosis
Caused by exposure to several types of leptospira
bacteria with an incubation period of 7 – 10 day, which
can be found in fresh water that has been contaminated
by animal urine.

Session 1: FEVER
Leptospirosis
PREVENTION:
Avoid swimming or wading in potentially contaminated
water or flood water
Use of proper protection like boots and gloves when work
requires exposure to contaminated water
Drain potentially contaminated water when possible
Control rats in the household by using rat traps or rat
poison, maintaining cleanliness in the house.
Take medicines/antibiotics duly prescribed by a doctor
Return on the schedules follow – up visit
Early recognition and treatment within two days of illness to
prevent complications so an early consultation is advised

Session 1: FEVER
MAHALAGANG PAALALA:
Bring suspected cases immediately to the nearest health
center or hospital
IMMEDIATE TREATMENT FOR FEVER:
Place the child in a comfortable room with open
windows
Let the child wear confortable clothes
Do not wrap the child with thick blanket
Sponge bath the child with tap water
Let the child drink plenty of water
Give Paracetamol to lower down the body temperature.
Put cold compress in the forehead
Remove the child’s clothes if he/she has high fever.
Bring immediately to the nearest hospital
Use banana trunk to lower body temperature

Session 2: COUGH, COMMON COLDS AND PNEUMONIA
Session Objectives:
At the end of the session, the participants
should be able to:
1.Learn about cough, common colds and
pneumonia; and
of cough, common colds and pneumonia

Cough
Common Colds
Pneumonia

A symptom of the other illness related to throat,
bronchi and lungs.
Cough

C
O
U
G
H
Dry cough with phlegm
Cough with phlegm
Cough with Asthma
Cough with difficulty in breathing
On and off cough, emphysema and
smokers cough
Cough with combination of blood
Cough with weight loss

Cough
Prevention:
1.Do not give medicines immediately to stop
coughing
2.Give child plenty of water every day
3.Avoid crowded places
4.If cough is severe, do the postural drainage after
the stream inhalation twice a day.
5.Give steam inhalation for 15 minutes
6.Avoid smoke particles and dusty places
Treatment:
1.Simple dry cough with running nose (common
colds) – can be easily be cured by merely waiting

Also known as a viral upper respiratory tract
infection, is a self – limited contagious illness
that can be caused by a number of different
types of viruses that the body never builds up
resistance against all of them. For this reason,
colds are a frequent and recurring problem.
Common Colds

C
O
L
D
S
Nasal stuffiness or drainage
Sore or scratchy throat
Sneezing
Hoarseness
Cough
Fever and Headache
Tiredness and Body ache

Common Colds
Treatment:
1.There is no cure for common cold.
2.Home treatment is directed at alleviating the
symptoms associated with the common cold and
allowing this self – limiting illness to run it course.
3.Supportive measures for the common cold
include rest and drinking plenty of fluids
4.Over-the-counter medications such as throat
lozenges, throat sprays, cough drops and cough
syrups may also bring relief
Effect:
1.Weakened immune system
2.If the illness continues, the body becomes even
weaker.
3.Susceptibility to other more dangerous and
complicated diseases such as pneumonia and
influenza which at times can be fatal.
4.Can lead to sinusitis, bronchitis, hypothermia,
strep throat and otitis media
5.If chronic lung disease is present, such as
asthmas, there is a risk of the illness being
aggravated, leading to frequent attacks.

Is a general term that refers to an infection of
the lungs, which can be caused by a variety of
microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria,
fungi and parasites. Often pneumonia begins
after an upper respiratory tract infection. When
this happens, symptoms of pneumonia begins
after 2 or 3 days of cold or sore throat.
Pneumonia

Pneumonia
Prevention:
1.Stop smoking
2.Avoid contact with people who have respiratory tract
infection such as cold and influenza
3.If a person has not had measles or chicken pox or
gotten vaccines against these diseases, avoid contact
with people who have these infection. Pneumonia can be
a complication of measles or chicken pox, so getting
these infections can put you at risk for getting pneumonia.
4.Wash hands often
5.Vaccination
Treatment:
1.Doctors use antibiotics to treat pneumonia
caused by bacteria, the most common cause of the
condition. The number of days you take antibiotics
depends on your general health, how serious your
pneumonia is, and the type of antibiotic you are
taking.
Effect:
1.Bacteria in the bloodstream
2.Infection and fluid accumulation
3.Abscess of the lung
4.Acute respiratory distress syndrome

Session 3: DIARRHEA
Session Objectives:
should be able to:
1.Learn about diarrhea
of diarrhea; and
3.Learn how to prepare an Oral Rehydration
Solution (ORESOL).

Session 3: DIARRHEA
Diarrhea
The passage of loose and watery stools often
associated with gassiness, bloating and abdominal
pain. It may also be accompanied by nausea,
vomiting and fever

Session 3: DIARRHEA
Diarrhea
Infection: Virus
Bacteria
Intestinal Parasites
Malnutrition,
Parasites and
Allergies
Dehydration

Session 3: DIARRHEA
Diarrhea
Prevention:
1.Drink water only from safe sources. If unsure, boil water
for three minutes or do water chlorination.
2.Eat only foods that well-cooked and properly prepared.
Avoid eating in street vended street.
3.Keep the food away from insects and rats by covering
them.
4.Wash fruits and vegetables with clean water before
eating or cooking
5.Use toilet bowl when defecating
6.Wash your hand before and after using the toilet
Treatment:
1.Prevent excessive loss of fluid and salt by giving
ORS.
2.Give other recommended home fluids like rice
water/soup, clear soup , coconut juice, water to
replace lost body fluids.
3.Drink water especially if there is fever.
4.Eat to prevent or minimize nutritional damage.
5.Give easily digested food and can be taken in
small amount.
6.Continue breastfeeding
Prevention:
7.Proper waste and excreta disposal.
8.Thorough washing of hands with soap and water
9.Take zinc supplemental
10.Maintain cleanliness in our surroundings
Treatment:
7.Stop temporarily giving milk if the child who is fed
with formula milks
8.Thorough hand washing with water and soap
9.Give zinc supplements
10.Antibiotic is needed/required when the bowel
movement has blood.
11.Consult the doctor if diarrhea is severe
especially in children and elderly
12.Monitor the sick person closely, particularly
children who do not show a clear improvement

Session 3: DIARRHEA
Dehydration
Is a condition of loosing too
much liquid from the body

Session 3: DIARRHEA
D
a
n
g
e
r
Drinks eagerly and thristy
Lack of appetite
Loss of weight
Dehydrated skin, lip and tongue
Enlargement of eyes
Weakening of Body
Slow voice

Session 3: DIARRHEA
D
a
n
g
e
r
Difficulty of Breating
Slow and fast heart rate
Loss of weight
Coldness of skin
Dizziness
Convulsion
Death

Session 3: DIARRHEA
Five Keys to Safer Food:
(WHO)
1.Keep clean
2.Separate raw and cooked food
3.Cook food thoroughly
4.Keep food at safe temperatures
5.Use water and materials

Session 4: SCABIES
Session Objectives:
should be able to:
1.Learn about scabies
of scabies; and
3.Prepare garlic ointment for scabies

Session 4: SCABIES
Is an itchy, highly contagious
skin condition by an
infestation by the itch mite
“Sarcoptes scabiei”
Scabies

Session 4: SCABIES
PREVENTION:
1.Regularly take a bath and change into clean clothes
2.Wash clothes and blankets every day and allow it
to dry under the sun
3.Hand washing with water and soap after using the
toilet
4.If treating the scabies, treat the whole body not
only the affected area.
5.Treat all the members of the family who are
affected.
Scabies
HERBAL MEDICINE FOR
SCABIES:
1.Garlic (Bawang)
2.Bitter Gourd (Ampalaya)
3.Guava (Bayabas)
TREATMENT:
1.Bathe the patient with soap and rub the whole body
2.Heat the Vaseline and put Vaseline or sulfur
ointment the whole body except on face. Allow it for
whole day and rinse. Do it again after a week.
3.To stop the itchiness, put hot water on the affected
area that the sick person can bear.

Session 5: PARASITISM
Session Objectives:
should be able to:
1.Learn about parasitism
of parasitism

Are organism that live inside the human body
which serves as their host. They produce toxin
waste products that can make human beings
very ill.
HUMAN PARASITES

PREVENTION:
1.Cover left-cover food to avoid flies and any other
insects from getting in the food.
2.Wash hands before and after serving food.
3.Throw waste properly
4.Use toilet/comfort room properly
5.Teach the child not to put his or her hand or any
object in the child’s mouth to avoid germs
6.Cut nails short
HUMAN PARASITES
PREVENTION:
7.Teach the child to wash their private parts and
hands every morning and after each bowel
movement
8.Let the mats and blankets dry under the sun
9.Always wear slippers, sandals or shoes

Session 6: OTHER CHILDHOOD ILLNESSESS
o
t
h
e
r
N.
Tetanus/Tetanus
Diphtheria
Polio
Mumps
Influenza
UTI
Head Lice
Hepatitis

Deadly
disease
caused by a
germ that lives
in the soil and
feces of
animals and
humans and
enters the
body through
any kind of
wound
Neonatal Tetanus/Tetanus

MANAGEMENT:
1.Rush the baby to the nearest doctor, health center
or hospital
2.Prevention of tetanus newborn
a. TT (Tetanus Toxoid) for mothers during
pregnancy
b. During childbirth, make sure the instruments
used in cutting the cord is thoroughly clean
and sterilized
c. Make sure that the newly cut cord is always dry
and clean.
Neonatal Tetanus/Tetanus

Highly
contagious
infection
caused by a
germ, it
usually affects
the throat
Diphtheria

MANAGEMENT:
1.Have the child immunized with DPT vaccine
2.Avoid the child to heavily crowded places. The
germs from the mouth, nose or throat of an infected
child can easily spread when he/she coughs or
sneezes.
3.Keep the child away from the children infected with
diphtheria
4.Do not let the child use spoon, fork and plate,
beddings and clothes and other articles that have
been touched by an infected child.
Diphtheria

 Caused by a virus that commonly strikes
children below 2 y/o
 Some parts of the body become paralyzed,
especially the legs and the feet. The
paralyzed limb becomes thin and does not
grow as normally as the affected limb
 Polio can be life threatening disease when
vital centers of the brain or the muscles of
respiration are affected.
Polio

MANAGEMENT:
1.Rush the child to the nearest
hospital
2.Because there is no known cure
for polio, immunization of the child
is very important.
Polio

 Is caused by
a virus
transmitted
by a person
with a
disease.
 Complication:
sterility for
male
Mumps

MANAGEMENT:
1.Bed rest us not necessary if the child has no fever
2.Place a hot or cold compress to ease the pain in
the swollen glands
3.Feed the child, soft, easy to digest, nourishing food
and give him or her plenty of fluids.
4.Keep the mouth clean by making him/her brush the
teeth and tongue or making him/her gargle after
eating
5.Give herbal medicine for fever.
Mumps

 Also known as flu is caused
by virus which lowers the
body’s resistance to
bacterial infection. An
unhealthy, malnourished
person or one who has
tuberculosis is much more
susceptible to influenza
than a healthy person. The
flu virus is spread through
the air.
Influenza

MANAGEMENT:
1.Isolate the sick person from others
2.Let the child have plenty of bed rest
3.Give him or her a sponge bath, herbal medicine to
bring down the fever
4.Give him/her a balanced diet
5.For the cough, give plenty of water to drink
6.Call a doctor if fever persists for a week or longer
Mumps

 Caused by viral or bacteria infection of the
tonsils
Tonsillitis

MANAGEMENT:
1.Drink plenty of water
2.Gargle with lukewarm water with salt
3.Suck antiseptic lozenges or cough drops
4.A doctor will prescribe antibiotic for bacterial
infection
5.In rare cases, tonsillectomy will be performed
(surgical removal of tonsils)
Tonsillitis

 Can occur when bacteria find
their way into the bladder or
kidneys. These bacteria are
normally found on the skin
around the anus or
sometimes around the
vagina
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

MANAGEMENT:
1.Drink plenty of liquid to flush the bacteria out of the
bladder through frequent urination
2.Go to health center or hospital
3.Proper hygiene
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

Head lice
infest both
dirty and
clean hair
indiscrimina
tely
Head Lice

MANAGEMENT:
1.Use medicated shampoo or lotion to kill the lice
2.Use a fine-toothed comb
3.Soak all brushes, combs and hair accessories in a
lice shampoo solution or alcohol for several hours
then wash them thoroughly
4.Wash all used bed sheets, blankets, pillow cases
and towels in hot water and dry under the heat of the
sun
5.Consult a doctor of there is bacterial infection
(boils, pus, discharge) on the scalp
Head Lice

Inflammation of the liver, usually producing
“swelling” and tenderness and sometimes
permanent damage to the liver.
The hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, B, C, D, E,
and G. The most common are A, B and C.
Hepatitis

MANAGEMENT:
1.Consult a doctor
2.Get plenty of rest and nourishment
3.Do not perform heavy, strenuous physical activity,
do not take alcohol
Hepatitis

ORAL HEALTH OF FILIPINO CHILDREN

9 OUT OF 10
FILIPINO
CHILDREN
ARE
AFFECTED
WITH TOOTH
DECAY

It causes
pain, swelling
and fever

The consequences and cost of oral
diseases are significant
Disturbed speech
Becomes withdrawn and avoids socializing with
people and so lessens his opportunities for
advancement.
More critical however is the effect of poor or
defective teeth to overall nutrition so necessary
to maintain good general health. That begins
with the first bite and chewing the food efficiently.

Oral diseases affects productivity in
school (learning), general health
and well-being

Although not considered killer diseases (except
oral cancer) weaken bodily defense and serve as
portal of entry to other more serious, potentially
dangerous and opportunistic infections

Incapacitate a young
victim such as in
crippling heart
conditions arising
from oral infection

A simple procedure to
find out if a baby has
a congenital
metabolic disorder
that may lead to
mental retardation or
even death if left
untreated.
Newborn Screening

SIGNIFICANCE OF NEWBORN SCREENING
Newborn Screening
Most babies with metabolic disorder look
normal at birth. One will never know that the
baby has the disorder until the signs and
symptoms are manifested. By this time,
irreversible consequences are already present.

14 year old normal
boy
14 year old with
CH
18 year old with
CH
14 year old
with CH
Newborn Screening

Jannele and Betina
are 7 and 6 years old
saved by NBS from
CH
Joana Paula is now 6
years old saved by NBS
from CAH
Newborn Screening

Disorder
Screened
Effect if NOT
SCREENED
Effect if
SCREENED
and Treated
CH (Congenital
Hypothyroidism)
Severe Mental
Retardation
Normal
CAH (Congenital
Adrenal Hyperplasia)
Death Alive
GAL (Galactosemia) Death or Cataracts Alive
PKU (Phenylketonuria) Severe Mental
Retardation
Normal
G6PD Deficiency Severe Anemia
Kernicterus
Normal
Newborn Screening

Disorder Golden
Period
Outcome if not
treated
CH 4 weeks Mental retardation
CAH 9-13 days Death
PKU 3 weeks Mental retardation
Gal 2 weeks Death, cataract
G6PD deficiency Kernicterus,
Hemolytic,
Anemia
Newborn Screening

Expanded
Program on
Immunization

Immunization:
Protects children against several dangerous
diseases. A child is immunized by vaccines
which are injected or given by mouth.
Immunization is urgent. All immunizations
should be completed in the first year of the
child’s life.
It is safe to immunize a sick child.
Expanded Program on Immunization

Vaccine:
Is a weak or dead microorganism which can
be injected in the body or taken – in orally to
kill the bad microorganisms in the body to
prevent getting sick.

Guide on Vaccination:
Vaccine Age Frequency Reaction Management
BCG
(TB)
After
Delivery
Once Redness in the area
where the vaccine is
injected
Pus formation 6 – 8
weeks after
vaccination
Do not expose under the
heat of the sun two hours
after the vaccination.
Avoid scratching the
wound caused by
vaccination

OPV
(Polio)
1 ½ - 2
months
3 times None Do not eat or drink within
one hour after the
vaccination
DPT
(Diphther
ia,
Pertussis
,
Tetanus)
1 ½ - 12
months
3 times Fever
Swelling and pain in
the area where
vaccine is injected
Drink lots of water
Give acetaminophen for
pain and fever
Soothe/damp with hot
towel (warm compress)
the area injected with
vaccine

AMV
(Measles)
9 – 11
months
One Fever
Bump
Do not eat or drink within
one hour after the
vaccination

MODULE 5: EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

MODULE 5: EARLY CHILDHOOD ILLNESS

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