Microorganisms play an important role in biodegradation by decomposing organic substances into simpler molecules like carbon dioxide and water. Biodegradation can occur through different types of processes such as biomineralization, biotransformation, aerobic, or anaerobic degradation. The rate of biodegradation depends on factors like the microbial community composition, availability of oxygen and nutrients, abiotic conditions, and presence of light and water. Biodegradation helps reduce pollution and is beneficial for maintaining a clean environment.