muscles and nervous tissues

1. Section 3, Chapter 5
Membranes, Muscles, and Neurons

2. Types of Membranes
There are 4 types of membranes in the body
1. Serous Membrane
2. Mucous Membrane
3. Cutaneous Membrane
4. Synovial Membrane

3. Serous Membranes
A serous membrane (serosa) is a thin layer of
cells (mesothelial cells) that lines the thoracic cavity
& abdominal cavity
The parietal layer lines the body cavity and the
visceral layer covers the organs.
A thin space between the two layers contains a thin
layer of serous fluid that reduces the friction
between organs

4. Figure 1.11 Serous membranes of the heart and lungs
Serous Pericardium = serous membrane surrounding the heart
Pleura = serous membrane surrounding the lungs

5. Figure 1.12 Serous membranes of the abdomen
Peritoneum – Serous membrane that surround several
abdominal organs

6. Mucous Membrane
A mucous membrane (mucosa) lines the cavities & tubes that open
to outside
examples can be found lining the
nasal & oral cavity
digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts
Some, but not all mucous membranes secrete mucus.
Mucous membrane
of the GI tract

7. Cutaneous Membrane
Another name for the skin
The cutaneous membrane provides a
protective coating for underlying organs.

8. Synovial Membrane
Composed entirely of connective tissue
The synovial membrane lines movable
(synovial) joints.
It secretes a clear viscous fluid, called synovial
fluid that lubricates the joints.

9. Muscular Tissues
Muscle tissue is specialized to contract and relax.
The three types of muscles include:
1. skeletal muscle
2. smooth muscle
3. cardiac muscle

10. Skeletal Muscle
structure
skeletal muscle cells are long and tubular, and
contain several peripheral nuclei
the cells are striated, i.e. alternating light and dark bands
functions
voluntary movement of the skeleton
locations
attached to bone or other
connective tissue

11. Smooth Muscle
structure
smooth muscle cells are tapered at the ends and form broad sheets.
cells of smooth muscle are non-striated.
functions
involuntary movements of substances through the
body
locations
walls of visceral organs: stomach,
uterus, urinary bladder, intestines
blood vessels and iris of the eyes

12. Cardiac Muscle
•
•
•
•
•
Located only within wall of the heart
Involuntary control
Striated
Branched cells with central nuclei
Intercalated discs

13. Nervous Tissue
• Locations = brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
• Regulates, coordinates, and integrates body activities
• Cells = Neurons & Neuroglia
• Neurons transmit impulses
• Neuroglia support neurons

14. End Section 3, Chapter 5