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New Empires In America
- 1. CH. 2 NEW EMPIRES IN AMERICA 1450-1750
- 2. SECTION 1 Early Voyages of Exploration
- 3. THE SEARCH FOR A SEA ROUTE • Italian city of Venice held monopoly (sole control) • Over European trade with Asia • Silk Road, shipped across Mediterranean Sea • Other European nations wanted share of this trade • Goal: Find sea route to the East (Asia) • Portugal Led the Way
- 4. BARTOLOMEU DIAS 1487 Portuguese captain • led expedition along African coast • Found Southern tip of Africa • “Cape of Good Hope” • Trading post created • Traded cloth, armor, and guns for gold, ivory, and slaves • Europeans felt it acceptable to enslave non-Christians • Enslaved Africans worked on farms in colonies
- 5. COLUMBUS’S BOLD IDEA • Christopher Columbus – experienced Italian sailor from Genoa • Convinced he could reach Asia by sailing West on Atlantic • King Ferdinand, Queen Isabella of Spain funded his voyage • Claim any land for Spain, take riches
- 7. COLUMBUS • Landed in Bahamas • Called island San Salvador “Holy Savior” • Believed it was China or Japan • Explored other islands • Called inhabitants Indians • Brought plants, animals, some gold • Returned to Spain
- 8. EUROPEANS LEARN OF COLUMBUS’ VOYAGE • King Ferdinand convinced Pope Alexander to gain Spain all founded territory • Line of Demarcation – the boundary of Spain’s exploration and monopoly rights • All land west of the line would belong to Spain and lands east to Portugal • 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain and Portugal agreed to move line farther West • Gave Portugal rights to all of eastern Africa and Brazil
- 9. SECTION 1 REVIEW • Did the Spanish think that Columbus’s first voyage was a success? Explain. • Do you believe Columbus’s voyage was a success? Explain. • Section 1 Review • Qs 1, 3, 4
- 10. SECTION 2 Europe Looks to the Americas
- 11. EARLY EXPLORATIONS • Portugal’s King Manuel • Believed best route to Asia was Eastern sea route • Follow Bartolomeu Dias’s course south and east around Africa • King chose Vasco da Gama to lead • 1498 da Gama’s fleet rounded Africa’s Cape of Good Hope • Sailed to India thru Indian Ocean • Portuguese built trade forts in Africa, India, & China
- 12. VESPUCCI • Amerigo Vespucci – 1501 Italian explorer • Reached coast of South America • Believed he found new land, not China • German mapmaker created large map showing new continents based on Vespucci’s writings • Labeled them “America” • Europeans realized Asia lay beyond Americas to the West • Vasco de Balboa – Spanish explorer • Landed in Panama • Told of a “South Sea”
- 14. FERDINAND MAGELLAN • Portuguese sea captain • Learned of Balboa’s “South Sea” • Convinced he could sail west to Asia by way of South Sea 1519 • Found the Strait of Magellan • Strait – narrow sea passage • Led to the Pacific Ocean • Landed in the Philippines • Killed in battle (helped Philippines w/ war) • Magellan’s crew then circumnavigated – or sailed completely around the earth
- 15. THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE • “Old World” – Europe, Asia, and Africa • “New World” – the Americas • The Columbian Exchange – the transfer of plants, animals and diseases between the Old World and the New World. • The Exchange changed the world dramatically • Europeans brought smallpox, measles, and typhus to the New World • Natives had not developed an immunity, staggering loss of life
Editor's Notes
- The tip of Africa named the Cape of Good hope “for the promise it gave of the finding of India.”
- The Indies was a common European name for all Asian lands. Scholars believe Atlantic was 10,000 miles across from Europe to Indies. Columbus, however, believed the Atlantic was much smaller than this
- The book and map became popular, and Europeans soon began referring to these lands as North America and South America.
- Battling fierce winds, the crew took more than a month to pass through the narrow rock-filled strait. Finally, Magellen’s crew spotted open sea. The passageway became known as the Strait of Magellan. As the ships sailed past the strait, the weather changed and the sea turned so calm that the crew renamed Balboa’s South Sea, Pacific, or peaceful, Ocean Only 18 or the 240 original crew had survived the long journey around the world. 40,000 mile journey Gave Spain the all-water route to Asia that Columbus searched for.
- American plants – corn, potatoes, and tomatoes Europeans brought grains like wheat and barley, cattle, horses, and pigs too American shores No one knows how many Natives died of diseases